EN10028-2 P295GH Pressure Vessel & Boiler Steel Plate
EN10028-2 P295GH Pressure Vessel & Boiler Steel Plate - High-Temperature Non-Alloy Steel for Elevated Service
Detailed material data sheet for P295GH pressure vessel and boiler steel plate according to EN 10028-2. Chemical composition, mechanical and thermal properties, international equivalents, and application guidance for reliable design.
Hot rolling, normalizing (+N), cold forming, bending, welding, cutting, post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) as required
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EN10028-2 P295GH Pressure Vessel & Boiler Steel Plate Introduction
P295GH is a non-alloy steel grade specified in EN 10028-2 for pressure purposes with guaranteed elevated temperature properties. It is intended for the fabrication of pressure vessels, boilers, and storage tanks operating at moderately high temperatures. The steel offers a minimum yield strength of 245–295 MPa depending on thickness, combined with good weldability and formability. Its fine-grain structure, achieved through normalizing, ensures uniform mechanical characteristics and adequate toughness at low temperatures. Typical applications include welded boiler drums, headers, heat exchangers, and chemical reactor shells. The material is supplied in the normalized condition (+N) and can be used in sour service environments with appropriate welding and heat treatment procedures. P295GH is widely adopted across Europe and is recognized under the steel number 1.0481.
EN10028-2 P295GH Pressure Vessel & Boiler Steel Plate Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of P295GH is tightly controlled to ensure suitable weldability, toughness, and elevated temperature strength. Carbon content varies with plate thickness to balance strength and ductility. Microalloying elements such as niobium, vanadium, and titanium are restricted. Low phosphorus and sulfur levels enhance notch toughness and resistance to brittle fracture. The total aluminum content ensures full fine-grain practice.
| Chemical Element | Standard Value (max unless range) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| C (Carbon) | ≤16 mm: 0.08–0.20 | Thickness dependent (see below) |
| C | >16≤40 mm: 0.10–0.22 | |
| C | >40≤60 mm: 0.12–0.24 | |
| C | >60≤100 mm: 0.14–0.26 | |
| C | >100≤250 mm: 0.15–0.27 | |
| Si (Silicon) | ≤0.40 | Deoxidation element |
| Mn (Manganese) | 0.90–1.50 | Increases hardenability and strength |
| P (Phosphorus) | ≤0.025 | Controlled for toughness |
| S (Sulfur) | ≤0.015 | Low S for HIC resistance if required |
| Al (Aluminum total) | ≥0.020 | Required if Al is the nitrogen binding element; fine grain practice |
| N (Nitrogen) | ≤0.012 | Bound by Al to avoid strain ageing |
| Cr (Chromium) | ≤0.30 | Residual element |
| Cu (Copper) | ≤0.30 | Residual element |
| Mo (Molybdenum) | ≤0.08 | Residual element |
| Nb (Niobium) | ≤0.02 | Microalloying, if agreed |
| Ni (Nickel) | ≤0.30 | Residual element |
| Ti (Titanium) | ≤0.03 | Microalloying, if agreed |
| V (Vanadium) | ≤0.02 | Microalloying, if agreed |
| Cr+Cu+Mo+Ni | ≤0.70 (for guidance) | Combined residuals, not a mandatory limit |
EN10028-2 P295GH Pressure Vessel & Boiler Steel Plate Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
The physical property data are typical for non-alloy fine-grain pressure vessel steel with a carbon content around 0.15–0.22%. Values may vary slightly with composition and heat treatment condition. Thermal conductivity decreases with rising temperature, while thermal expansion increases. These data are essential for design calculations involving heat transfer and thermal stress analysis.
| Property | Typical Value | Unit | Temperature / Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.85 | g/cm³ | At 20°C |
| Elastic modulus (E) | 210 | GPa | At 20°C |
| Shear modulus (G) | ≈81 | GPa | At 20°C |
| Poisson's ratio (ν) | 0.3 | — | At 20°C |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (α) | 11.1 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20–100°C |
| 12.1 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20–200°C | |
| 12.9 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20–300°C | |
| 13.5 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20–400°C | |
| 13.9 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20–500°C | |
| Thermal conductivity (λ) | 51 | W/(m·K) | At 20°C |
| 49 | W/(m·K) | At 200°C | |
| 46 | W/(m·K) | At 300°C | |
| 42 | W/(m·K) | At 400°C | |
| 39 | W/(m·K) | At 500°C | |
| Specific heat capacity (c) | 460 | J/(kg·K) | At 20°C–200°C |
| Electrical resistivity (ρ_e) | 0.22–0.25 | µΩ·m | At 20°C |
EN10028-2 P295GH Pressure Vessel & Boiler Steel Plate Mechanical Properties
Mechanical properties are guaranteed at room temperature for the normalized delivery condition. The tensile test is performed in accordance with EN 10002-1. Charpy impact energy values are for transverse test pieces; longitudinal values may be higher. Bending test requirements are based on a 180° bend without cracking. Elevated temperature yield strength can be estimated according to EN 10028-2 normative annex.
| Property | Standard Requirement Value | Unit | Test Condition / Thickness Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yield strength (ReH) | 295 | MPa | thickness ≤16 mm |
| 290 | MPa | 16 < t ≤ 40 mm | |
| 285 | MPa | 40 < t ≤ 60 mm | |
| 275 | MPa | 60 < t ≤ 100 mm | |
| 260 | MPa | 100 < t ≤ 150 mm | |
| 245 | MPa | 150 < t ≤ 250 mm | |
| Tensile strength (Rm) | 460–580 | MPa | thickness ≤60 mm |
| 440–570 | MPa | 60 < t ≤ 100 mm | |
| 430–560 | MPa | 100 < t ≤ 150 mm | |
| 420–550 | MPa | 150 < t ≤ 250 mm | |
| Elongation (A, L0=5.65√S₀) | ≥22 | % | t ≤16 mm |
| ≥21 | % | 16 < t ≤ 40 mm | |
| ≥20 | % | 40 < t ≤ 100 mm | |
| ≥19 | % | t >100 mm | |
| Charpy impact energy (KV₂, transverse) | ≥27 | J | At 0°C (mandatory); optional at -20°C or -40°C on agreement |
| Bend test (180°) – mandrel diameter | 3.5 × thickness | — | t ≤25 mm |
| 4.5 × thickness | — | t >25 mm |
EN10028-2 P295GH Pressure Vessel & Boiler Steel Plate Fully Equivalent Material Standards and Replaceable Grades
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade / Designation | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | EN 10028-2 | P295GH (1.0481) | Original specification |
| International | ISO 9328-2 | P295GH | Identical technical requirements |
| Germany | DIN EN 10028-2 | P295GH | Formerly replaced grades: 17Mn4, 19Mn6 |
| United Kingdom | BS EN 10028-2 | P295GH | Replaces BS 1501-224-490A/LT50 |
| France | NF EN 10028-2 | P295GH | Replaces A 42 CP, A 48 CP (NF A 36-205) |
| Italy | UNI EN 10028-2 | P295GH | Replaces Fe 460-2-KG (UNI 5869) |
EN10028-2 P295GH Pressure Vessel & Boiler Steel Plate Application Introduction
P295GH is primarily used in welded pressure equipment operating at temperatures up to approximately 400°C. Its good ductility and weldability make it suitable for thick-walled fabrication. Common products include
- Boiler drums and shells
- Heat exchanger tube sheets and shells
- Pressure vessel bodies for petrochemical and chemical plants
- LPG storage tanks
- Steam receivers
The material can be formed by cold or hot working, and all standard welding processes (SAW, SMAW, GMAW) are applicable with appropriate preheat and post-weld heat treatment per EN 13445 or ASME VIII.
Product Applications: Welded boiler drums, High-pressure steam headers, Heat exchanger shells and channel covers, Reactor bodies with internal linings, LPG spherical storage tanks, Air receivers
Processed into products: Cylindrical shells and courses, Elliptical and torispherical dished ends, Tube sheets for shell-and-tube exchangers, Nozzle forgings and reinforcement pads, Flanges (integrally welded), Structural supports welded directly to the vessel
Application industries: Power generation (boilers, steam turbines), Oil & gas (separators, scrubbers, heat exchangers), Chemical processing (reactors, columns, storage spheres), Pharmaceutical and food (stainless-clad backer plates), Industrial gases (LNG/LPG pressure vessels)
EN10028-2 P295GH Pressure Vessel & Boiler Steel Plate Similar / Near-Equivalent Substitute Materials
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| USA | ASTM A516 / A516M | Grade 70 | Similar tensile strength, but different chemical requirements; not identical; may require additional testing for PED compliance |
| China | GB 713 (or GB 6654) | Q345R (formerly 16MnR) | Closest Chinese pressure vessel plate; verify minimum Si and microalloy content |
| Japan | JIS G 3115 | SPV355 | Comparable strength, but separate product standard; suitability to be confirmed by designer |
| Russia | GOST 5520 | 16GS | Similar carbon-manganese steel for welded boilers; check thickness range and impact properties |
| European | EN 10028-2 | P355GH (1.0473) | Higher strength grade in same standard; may be substituted with thicker section if allowed |
Notes:
Special requirements for hydrogen service: For sour or hydrogen service, additional limitations on S content (≤0.010% or ≤0.005%) and through-thickness properties (Z-quality) may be imposed per EN 10160 or EN 10028-2 supplement. Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT): When required by design code, PWHT should be carried out at 580–620°C with controlled heating/cooling rates. Elevated temperature design: Yield strength values above room temperature can be obtained from the creep rupture tables in EN 10028-2 or by applying derating factors provided in EN 13445. Surface condition: The plate is usually supplied with as-rolled or shot-blasted and primed surface. Internal defects shall meet Class 2 of EN 10160 for ultrasonic testing unless otherwise agreed.
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