ASTM A514 Grade P (A514GRP) High Strength Quenched & Tempered Steel Plate
ASTM A514 Grade P (A514GRP) High Strength Quenched & Tempered Steel Plate | Properties & Equivalents
Complete material data for ASTM A514 Grade P (A514GRP) carbon steel plate: chemical composition, mechanical properties, thermal and electrical physical properties, international equivalents, similar alternatives, and application guide.
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ASTM A514 Grade P High Strength Quenched & Tempered Steel Plate Introduction
ASTM A514 Grade P (A514GRP) is a high-strength, quenched and tempered low-alloy steel plate designed for structural applications requiring excellent strength-to-weight ratio and good weldability. With a minimum yield strength of 690 MPa (100 ksi), it is widely used in heavy equipment, crane booms, mining machinery, and pressure vessels. The material offers good notch toughness at low temperatures, making it suitable for demanding environments. Its chemistry is carefully controlled to provide deep hardenability, enabling thick sections to achieve uniform mechanical properties after heat treatment. The plate is typically supplied in the quenched and tempered condition and can be welded, formed, and machined with appropriate precautions.
ASTM A514 Grade P High Strength Quenched & Tempered Steel Plate Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of ASTM A514 Grade P is designed to achieve high hardenability and balanced mechanical properties after quenching and tempering. Maximum limits for phosphorus and sulfur ensure cleanliness and good toughness. The table lists the required elements per ASTM A514/A514M standard.
- Total alloy content promotes deep hardenability for thick plates.
- Vanadium refines grain size and enhances strength.
| Element | Content (%) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.12 – 0.21 | Ladle analysis |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.45 – 0.70 | |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.025 | Maximum |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.025 | Maximum |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.20 – 0.35 | |
| Nickel (Ni) | 1.20 – 1.50 | |
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.85 – 1.20 | |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.45 – 0.60 | |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.03 – 0.08 |
ASTM A514 Grade P High Strength Quenched & Tempered Steel Plate Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
Physical properties are representative for low-alloy quenched and tempered steels in the range of 20°C to 100°C. These values are for reference and may vary slightly with exact composition and heat treatment condition.
- Density is standard for carbon and low-alloy steels.
- Thermal conductivity and expansion influence weld preheat requirements.
| Property | Standard Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.85 | g/cm³ | at 20°C |
| Modulus of Elasticity (E) | 205 | GPa | at 20°C |
| Shear Modulus (G) | 80 | GPa | at 20°C |
| Poisson's Ratio (ν) | 0.30 | - | at 20°C |
| Thermal Expansion (α) | 11.7 | µm/m·°C | 20°C – 100°C |
| Thermal Conductivity (λ) | 25 | W/m·K | at 100°C |
| Specific Heat Capacity (c) | 470 | J/kg·K | at 20°C |
| Electrical Resistivity (ρ_e) | 0.22 | µΩ·m | at 20°C |
ASTM A514 Grade P High Strength Quenched & Tempered Steel Plate Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties are verified on transverse test specimens taken from the quenched and tempered plate. Values apply for thicknesses up to 2.5 in. (63.5 mm), except where noted. Bend test requirements vary with plate thickness. Impact toughness is guaranteed when ordered with supplementary requirements (e.g., Charpy V-notch at -20°F [-29°C]).
- Minimum yield and tensile strengths ensure high load-bearing capacity.
- Elongation indicates good ductility for forming and service.
| Property | Standard Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength (ReH) | ≥ 690 | MPa | Transverse, plate thickness ≤ 63.5 mm, room temperature |
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | 760 – 895 | MPa | Transverse, plate thickness ≤ 63.5 mm, room temperature |
| Elongation (A) | ≥ 18 | % | Gauge length 50 mm, transverse, thickness ≤ 63.5 mm |
| Bend Test (Bend Diameter) | 2t (180°) | - | Plate thickness t ≤ 19 mm, transverse bend |
| Bend Test (Bend Diameter) | 3t (180°) | - | Plate thickness 19 mm < t ≤ 63.5 mm, transverse bend |
| Charpy Impact (KV) | ≥ 27 | J | 10×10 mm, transverse, -29°C, if specified |
ASTM A514 Grade P High Strength Quenched & Tempered Steel Plate Equivalent International Standards and Alternative Grades for ASTM A514 Grade P
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | EN 10025-6 | S690QL (1.8928) | Very close match in minimum yield strength and quenched & tempered condition. Adjust welding procedures accordingly. |
| Japan | JIS G3128 | SHY685 | High yield strength steel for welded structures; similar application range. |
| International | ISO 4950-2 | E690Q | High yield strength steel plate, equivalent strength class. |
| China | GB/T 16270 | Q690D | Quenched and tempered high strength structural steel with comparable mechanical requirements. |
ASTM A514 Grade P High Strength Quenched & Tempered Steel Plate Application Introduction
ASTM A514 Grade P steel plate is engineered for heavy-duty structural applications where weight savings and high strength are essential. It performs reliably in dynamic loading conditions and low-temperature environments, provided appropriate welding and forming techniques are used.
- Welding: Low-hydrogen processes and preheating are recommended to avoid hydrogen-induced cracking.
- Forming: Due to high strength, bending requires larger force and sometimes intermediate stress relief.
Product Applications: Mobile crane telescopic booms, Off-highway dump truck bodies, Excavator arms and buckets, Pressurized storage tanks and vessels (when qualified per A517), Bridge structural components, Heavy-duty lifting and rigging equipment
Processed into products: Boom sections and chord members, Wear liners and cutting edges (in less abrasive applications), Reinforcement plates for chassis frames, Welded T-joints and gussets in structural assemblies, Load-bearing brackets and mounting plates, Hollow structural sections (when fabricated from plate)
Application industries: Construction and heavy civil engineering, Mining and quarrying, Material handling (cranes, lifts), Oil & gas (offshore structures, pressure vessels), Transportation (heavy trucks, trailers), Shipbuilding (special structural parts)
ASTM A514 Grade P High Strength Quenched & Tempered Steel Plate Similar Materials and Possible Alternatives
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| USA | ASTM A514 | Grade Q, Grade S | Other A514 grades with similar strength but different chemical composition; may be considered with design review. |
| USA | ASTM A517 | Grade P | Same chemistry as A514 Grade P but intended for pressure vessel applications; often interchangeable for non-pressure use. |
| Europe | EN 10025-6 | S690QL1 | Similar strength with improved toughness properties; can be an alternative when additional impact requirements apply. |
| Germany | DIN EN 10025-6 | S690Q | High-strength quenched and tempered steel; verify through-thickness properties before substitution. |
| Worldwide | Proprietary brand | HARDOX 450 / 500 | Abrasion-resistant steel, not a direct structural substitute, but used in similar heavy equipment parts when wear resistance is critical. |
Notes:
- Always refer to the latest ASTM A514/A514M specification for exact requirements and permissible variations.
- Plate flatness and surface condition should be agreed upon at the time of order (e.g., ASTM A6/A6M).
- Quenched and tempered plates may require stress relief after severe forming; consult the supplier for time and temperature guidelines.
- For thicknesses greater than 2.5 in. (63.5 mm), mechanical properties may need to be agreed upon separately.
- Boron may be present in some heats as a residual element but is not specified in Grade P chemistry.
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