ASTM A283 Grade D (A283GRD) Carbon Steel Plate
ASTM A283 Grade D (A283GRD) Carbon Steel Plate: Properties, Equivalents & Uses
In-depth technical data sheet for ASTM A283 Grade D carbon steel plate including chemical composition, mechanical and thermal properties, international equivalents, and application guidance.
Hot rolling, normalizing, cutting, welding, bending, forming
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ASTM A283 Grade D Carbon Steel Plate Introduction
ASTM A283 Grade D is a low-to-intermediate tensile strength carbon steel plate intended for general structural applications. It offers a good balance of strength, weldability, and formability, making it suitable for bolted, riveted, and welded construction. The grade is characterized by a minimum yield strength of 230 MPa (33 ksi) and tensile strength ranging from 415 to 550 MPa (60–80 ksi). With a maximum carbon content of 0.27%, it provides adequate ductility for cold forming and bending. The material is typically supplied in the as-rolled or normalized condition and is widely utilized in industrial and civil engineering projects. Key attributes include reliable mechanical performance at ambient temperatures, good machinability, and cost-effectiveness. However, it is not intended for pressure vessel or low-temperature service unless specifically tested. The specification falls under ASTM A283/A283M, which covers four grades (A, B, C, D) of carbon steel plates for general structural purposes, with Grade D offering the highest strength level within the standard.
ASTM A283 Grade D Carbon Steel Plate Chemical Composition
According to ASTM A283/A283M, the following limits apply for heat analysis. Product analysis tolerances are permitted as per the standard. Silicon is not normally specified but may be present as a deoxidation element. Copper is optional and required only when copper-bearing steel is ordered.
| Chemical Element | Standard Value (wt%) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.27 max | Maximum limit for all thicknesses |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.90 max | |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.030 max | |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.030 max | |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.15 - 0.40 (optional) | When silicon-killed steel is specified or required |
| Copper (Cu) | 0.20 min (optional) | Applies only when copper-bearing steel is designated |
ASTM A283 Grade D Carbon Steel Plate Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
These values are typical of low-carbon steels similar to A283 Grade D and are not specification requirements. Actual values may vary slightly with exact composition and processing. They are provided for design estimation.
| Property | Standard Requirement Value (Typical) | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.85 | g/cm³ | Ambient temperature |
| Modulus of Elasticity (E) | 200 | GPa | Room temperature |
| Shear Modulus (G) | 80 | GPa | Room temperature |
| Poisson's Ratio (ν) | 0.3 | – | Room temperature |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (α) | 11.7 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20–100 °C |
| Thermal Conductivity (λ) | 50 | W/(m·K) | At 100 °C |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 460 | J/(kg·K) | At 100 °C |
| Electrical Resistivity (ρₑ) | 0.16 | µΩ·m | At 20 °C |
ASTM A283 Grade D Carbon Steel Plate Mechanical Properties
Values are based on ASTM A283/A283M. Multiple thickness ranges affect elongation requirements. Tensile and yield tests are performed on full-section or machined specimens. No impact test is mandated unless agreed. Bending properties are referenced from standard practice; the material is normally suitable for cold bending to an inside radius equal to the plate thickness.
| Property | Standard Requirement | Unit | Test Condition / Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | 415 - 550 (60 - 80) | MPa (ksi) | All thicknesses |
| Yield Strength (ReH) | 230 min (33 min) | MPa (ksi) | All thicknesses |
| Elongation (A) in 200 mm (8 in.) | 23 min | % | Plate thickness ≤ 20 mm (3/4 in.) |
| Elongation (A) in 200 mm (8 in.) | 23 min | % | Plate thickness > 20 to 40 mm (>3/4 to 1 1/2 in.) |
| Elongation (A) in 200 mm (8 in.) | 21 min | % | Plate thickness > 40 to 100 mm (>1 1/2 to 4 in.) |
| Elongation (A) in 50 mm (2 in.) for plates ≥ 40 mm | 26 min (approx.) | % | When 50 mm gauge length is used |
| Bend Test | No cracks | – | 180° bend to inside diameter = 1 × plate thickness (typical guidance) |
ASTM A283 Grade D Carbon Steel Plate Completely Equivalent Material Standards and Replaceable Grades
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | ASTM A283/A283M | A283 Grade D | Original specification; fully compliant. |
| International | – | – | No direct identical equivalents exist; similar substitutes are listed below. |
ASTM A283 Grade D Carbon Steel Plate Application Introduction
ASTM A283 Grade D is a versatile structural carbon steel plate suited for a wide range of non-critical fabrication. It is easy to weld, cut, and form, making it a cost-effective choice for general engineering. Key applications include:
Product Applications: Welded beams, columns, and girders, Base plates and anchor plates, Storage tank shells and roofs, Silos and hoppers, Ductwork and casings, Stair treads and walkways
Processed into products: Machine base plates and mounting brackets, Flanges and stiffeners, Web plates and cover plates, Gussets and connection plates, Brackets and supports, Automotive frame components, Industrial flooring and trench covers
Application industries: Construction and infrastructure (buildings, bridges, platforms), Industrial machinery (frames, supports, housings), Transportation (railcar components, truck bodies, trailers), Storage and processing (tanks, silos, hoppers), Shipbuilding (non-critical structural elements), Agricultural equipment
ASTM A283 Grade D Carbon Steel Plate Similar/Comparable Substitute Materials
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | GB/T 700 | Q235B | Yield 235 MPa, Tensile 370–500 MPa; slightly lower tensile range but widely used substitute. |
| European Union | EN 10025-2 | S235JR | Yield 235 MPa, Tensile 360–510 MPa; close match in strength and weldability. |
| Japan | JIS G3101 | SS400 | Yield ≥ 245 MPa, Tensile 400–510 MPa; commonly cross-referenced. |
| ISO | ISO 630-2 | E235B | Analogous carbon structural steel; properties overlap with A283 Grade D. |
| India | IS 2062 | E250 Grade A | Yield ≥ 250 MPa, Tensile 410–550 MPa; somewhat higher yield but similar application. |
| Germany (former) | DIN 17100 | St37-2 | Obsolete but historically equivalent; comparable tensile properties. |
Notes:
This material is not intended for pressure-containing parts or low-temperature service without qualification. Impact testing is not mandatory; if toughness is required, supplementary requirements (e.g., S5, S8 of ASTM A6) must be specified at the time of order. Surface finish and flatness tolerances are per ASTM A6/A6M. The steel is typically available in thicknesses up to 100 mm (4 in.) under this specification. When improved atmospheric corrosion resistance is needed, copper-bearing option (minimum 0.20% Cu) can be ordered.
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