X55CrMo14 EN10088-1 Martensitic Stainless Steel
X55CrMo14 EN10088-1 Martensitic Stainless Steel: Properties & Equivalents
Comprehensive technical data for X55CrMo14 (1.4110) martensitic stainless steel plate and coil according to EN 10088-1, including chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties, international equivalents, and applications.
Hot forming (1100–800 °C), cold forming, soft annealing, hardening and tempering, machining (in annealed condition), grinding, polishing
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X55CrMo14 EN10088-1 Martensitic Stainless Steel Introduction
X55CrMo14 (1.4110) is a high-carbon martensitic stainless steel defined in EN 10088-1. It combines good hardenability with moderate corrosion resistance, achieving high hardness after quenching and tempering. The alloy is widely used for wear-resistant parts such as cutlery, medical instruments, and bearings. In the soft-annealed delivery condition, the steel exhibits a hardness of ≤280 HBW, making it suitable for machining, while after hardening it can reach 56–60 HRC. Key attributes include:
- High hardness and wear resistance
- Adequate corrosion resistance in mild environments
- Good hot and cold formability in the annealed state
- Can be polished to a high surface finish
X55CrMo14 EN10088-1 Martensitic Stainless Steel Chemical Composition
Chemical composition as specified in EN 10088-1:2014 for grade X55CrMo14 (1.4110). The sulfur content is strictly controlled to ≤0.015% to enhance corrosion resistance and toughness. Iron forms the balance. Other residual elements (e.g., Ni, Cu) may be present at low levels but are not mandated.
| Element | Content (wt%) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.48 – 0.60 | |
| Si | ≤ 1.00 | |
| Mn | ≤ 1.00 | |
| P | ≤ 0.040 | |
| S | ≤ 0.015 | Typically ≤0.015 for plates/coils |
| Cr | 14.0 – 15.0 | |
| Mo | 0.50 – 0.80 |
X55CrMo14 EN10088-1 Martensitic Stainless Steel Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
Typical physical properties for X55CrMo14 martensitic stainless steel at room temperature unless otherwise indicated. These values are derived from standard martensitic stainless steel data and may vary slightly depending on heat treatment and product form. The thermal conductivity and specific heat are influenced by the hardened condition; values given are for the annealed state.
| Property | Value | Unit | Test Condition / Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density, ρ | 7.70 | g/cm³ | 20 °C |
| Modulus of elasticity, E | 215 | GPa | 20 °C |
| Shear modulus, G | 82 | GPa | 20 °C |
| Poisson's ratio, ν | 0.27 – 0.30 | 20 °C | |
| Thermal expansion coeff., α | 10.5 × 10⁻⁶ | 1/K | 20 – 100 °C |
| Thermal expansion coeff., α | 11.0 × 10⁻⁶ | 1/K | 20 – 200 °C |
| Thermal expansion coeff., α | 11.5 × 10⁻⁶ | 1/K | 20 – 400 °C |
| Thermal expansion coeff., α | 12.0 × 10⁻⁶ | 1/K | 20 – 500 °C (approx.) |
| Thermal conductivity, λ | 25 | W/(m·K) | 20 °C |
| Specific heat capacity, cp | 460 | J/(kg·K) | 20 °C |
| Electrical resistivity, ρe | 0.55 | μΩ·m | 20 °C |
X55CrMo14 EN10088-1 Martensitic Stainless Steel Mechanical Properties
Mechanical properties for X55CrMo14 in different heat treatment conditions. The soft-annealed (+A) condition represents the standard delivery state for plate and coil with a guaranteed maximum hardness according to EN 10088-2. The quenched and tempered (+QT) condition provides high hardness for final applications. Tensile data for the annealed state are typical values taken from the informative annex of EN 10088-2; they are not mandatory but serve as design guidance. Impact energy is not normally specified for this grade.
| Property | Value | Unit | Condition / Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hardness, Brinell | ≤ 280 | HBW | Soft annealed (+A), plate thickness ≤ 50 mm (EN 10088-2) |
| Hardness, Rockwell C | ≈ 25 | HRC | Approximate value in annealed condition |
| Hardness, Rockwell C | 56 – 60 | HRC | Quenched + tempered (+QT), typical target hardness |
| Tensile strength, Rm | 700 – 850 | MPa | Annealed (+A), typical (informative) |
| Yield strength, ReH | 450 – 550 | MPa | Annealed (+A), typical (informative) |
| Elongation, A | 15 – 20 | % | Annealed (+A), typical (informative), gauge length 50 mm |
X55CrMo14 EN10088-1 Martensitic Stainless Steel Equivalent Material Standards and Substitute Grades
X55CrMo14 (1.4110) does not have a perfect international equivalent because of slight differences in carbon and chromium ranges. The grades listed below are the closest commercially available alternatives, but a direct substitution should always be verified with the respective standard and the property requirements.
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Europe (original) | EN 10088-1 | X55CrMo14 (1.4110) | Reference designation |
| USA | ASTM A959 | UNS S44002 (440A) | Higher C (0.60–0.75) and Cr (16–18), Mo ≤0.75; similar but not identical |
| Japan | JIS G4303 | SUS440A | Closely similar to 440A |
| China | GB/T 1220 | 7Cr17 (68Cr17) | C 0.60–0.75, Cr 16–18, Mo ≤0.75; used for similar applications |
X55CrMo14 EN10088-1 Martensitic Stainless Steel Application Introduction
X55CrMo14 is extensively used where a combination of high hardness, good wear resistance, and moderate corrosion resistance is necessary. The steel can be machined in the soft-annealed condition and subsequently hardened to 56–60 HRC. Typical fields of use span medical technology, domestic cutlery, mechanical engineering, and pump manufacturing. The grade is also suitable for parts that require edge retention and can withstand repeated sterilization cycles.
Product Applications: Knife blades (chef, pocket, industrial), Scissors and shears, Surgical scalpels and dental instruments, Ball bearings, roller bearings, and races, Pump shafts and spindles, Valve seats, stems, and wear rings
Processed into products: Blade edges and cutting inserts, Bearing races and balls, Wear plates and guides, Seat rings and throttle components, Injection needles and cannulae, Pivot pins and high-load sliding elements
Application industries: Cutlery and kitchenware, Medical and surgical instruments, Bearings and power transmission, Pumps and valves, General mechanical engineering
X55CrMo14 EN10088-1 Martensitic Stainless Steel Similar Alternative Materials
These grades have comparable or higher carbon content and are often considered when enhanced wear resistance or different hardness levels are required. They may offer increased hardness but reduced toughness or corrosion resistance, depending on the composition.
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | EN 10088-1 | X65CrMo14 (1.4109) | Higher C (0.65–0.80), similar Cr and Mo; slightly higher attainable hardness |
| Europe | EN 10088-1 | X105CrMo17 (1.4125) | Much higher C (0.95–1.20), Cr 16–18, Mo 0.40–0.80; maximal wear resistance (e.g., 440C type) |
| USA | ASTM A276 | 440C (UNS S44004) | C 0.95–1.20, Cr 16–18, Mo ≤0.75; highest hardness among 440 series |
| China | GB/T 1220 | 9Cr18Mo (108Cr17Mo) | C 0.95–1.10, Cr 17–19, Mo 0.40–0.70; similar to 440C |
Notes:
Heat treatment instructions: Soft annealing at 750–850 °C followed by slow cooling achieves ≤280 HBW. Hardening: austenitize at 1000–1050 °C, quench in oil or air. Tempering at 150–300 °C gives 56–60 HRC. Avoid tempering between 400 and 550 °C due to precipitation of chromium carbides, which reduces corrosion resistance and can cause embrittlement. Welding is possible but requires preheating and immediate tempering; filler metals of similar composition are recommended. For optimum corrosion resistance, the hardened surface should be smoothly ground or polished.
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