X50CrMoV15 (1.4116) Martensitic Stainless Steel
X50CrMoV15 (1.4116) Martensitic Stainless Steel: Properties, Standards & Equivalents
X50CrMoV15 is a martensitic stainless steel offering high hardness, good wear resistance and moderate corrosion resistance. Widely used for cutlery, surgical instruments and valve parts.
Hot rolling, cold rolling, forging, hardening and tempering, annealing, machining, grinding
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X50CrMoV15 Martensitic Stainless Steel Introduction
X50CrMoV15 (1.4116) is a high-carbon martensitic stainless steel with molybdenum and vanadium additions, designed for applications requiring a combination of high hardness, good wear resistance and moderate corrosion resistance. It is standardised under EN 10088-1 and is typically supplied in the annealed or quenched and tempered condition. Due to its fine carbide structure, this grade achieves excellent edge retention and is widely used for professional cutlery, surgical instruments and mechanical components exposed to mild corrosive environments.
X50CrMoV15 Martensitic Stainless Steel Chemical Composition
Typical chemical composition according to EN 10088-1:2014. The alloy is designed with a high carbon content for hardenability, chromium for corrosion resistance, molybdenum for improved pitting resistance and vanadium for fine grain structure and wear resistance. Impurities are kept low to maintain cleanliness.
| Element | Standard Value (%) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon, C | 0.48 – 0.60 | |
| Silicon, Si | ≤ 1.00 | |
| Manganese, Mn | ≤ 1.00 | |
| Phosphorus, P | ≤ 0.040 | |
| Sulfur, S | ≤ 0.015 | For most products; older editions allow ≤ 0.030 |
| Chromium, Cr | 14.00 – 15.00 | |
| Molybdenum, Mo | 0.50 – 0.80 | |
| Vanadium, V | 0.10 – 0.20 |
X50CrMoV15 Martensitic Stainless Steel Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
Representative physical data at room temperature and elevated temperatures for X50CrMoV15 in the heat-treated condition. Actual values may vary slightly depending on the specific heat treatment and product form. The data is derived from standard references for 17% Cr martensitic stainless steels.
| Property | Typical Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density, ρ | 7.7 | kg/dm³ (g/cm³) | at 20°C |
| Modulus of Elasticity, E | 215 | GPa | at 20°C |
| Shear Modulus, G | 80 | GPa | at 20°C |
| Poisson's ratio, ν | 0.30 – 0.31 | – | at 20°C |
| Thermal expansion coefficient, α | 10.5 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20 – 100°C |
| Thermal expansion coefficient, α | 11.0 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20 – 200°C |
| Thermal expansion coefficient, α | 11.5 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20 – 400°C |
| Thermal conductivity, λ | 25 | W/(m·K) | at 20°C |
| Specific heat capacity, cp | 460 | J/(kg·K) | at 20°C |
| Electrical resistivity, ρe | 0.65 | µΩ·m | at 20°C |
X50CrMoV15 Martensitic Stainless Steel Mechanical Properties
Mechanical properties in the annealed (+A) condition as per EN 10088-2:2014 for flat products up to 30 mm thickness. In the hardened and tempered condition, the steel can reach 56–58 HRC, but specific values are subject to agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.
| Property | Standard Required Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength, Rm | ≤ 900 | MPa | annealed, room temperature |
| Yield Strength (0.2% offset), Rp0.2 | ≥ 550 | MPa | annealed, room temperature |
| Elongation, A | ≥ 15 | % | annealed, gauge length L0 = 5.65√S0 |
| Brinell Hardness, HBW | ≤ 265 | HBW | annealed |
X50CrMoV15 Martensitic Stainless Steel Fully Equivalent Material Standards and Replaceable Grades
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | EN 10088-1 | X50CrMoV15 (1.4116) | Original designation |
| International | ISO 15510 | X50CrMoV15 | Direct equivalent |
| France | NF EN 10088-1 | X50CrMoV15 | Identical to EN |
| Germany | DIN EN 10088-1 | X50CrMoV15 | Identical to EN |
| United Kingdom | BS EN 10088-1 | X50CrMoV15 | Identical to EN |
| Italy | UNI EN 10088-1 | X50CrMoV15 | Identical to EN |
| Sweden | SS EN 10088-1 | X50CrMoV15 | Identical to EN |
| Spain | UNE EN 10088-1 | X50CrMoV15 | Identical to EN |
X50CrMoV15 Martensitic Stainless Steel Application Introduction
X50CrMoV15 is particularly suited for applications that demand high hardness combined with adequate corrosion resistance. Its good edge retention and wear properties make it a preferred material for cutting tools and surgical instruments. In the hardened and tempered condition, it can sustain a sharp cutting edge even under repeated use. The molybdenum addition improves pitting resistance in mildly acidic and chloride-containing environments, while vanadium refines the grain and enhances wear resistance.
Product Applications: Professional chef knives, Household cutlery, Surgical scalpels and forceps, Food processor blades, Valve seats and trim, Pump shafts and impellers, Springs (in tempered condition), Scissors and shears
Processed into products: Knife blades (kitchen, hunting, industrial), Surgical instrument heads and jaws, Cutting inserts and dies, Wear pads and liners, Gauges and precision measuring tools, Scissor blades, Hair clipper blades, Plastic moulding inserts (corrosion-resistant areas)
Application industries: Cutlery and kitchenware, Medical and surgical instruments, Food processing machinery, Valve and pump manufacturing, Mechanical engineering (wear components), Scissors and shear manufacturing, Industrial blades and knives
X50CrMoV15 Martensitic Stainless Steel Closest Alternative / Similar Stainless Steels
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| USA | ASTM A959 | UNS S44002 (Type 440A) | Higher carbon range (0.60–0.75), Cr 16–18, no intentional V; lower Mo (≤0.75). Lower wear resistance. |
| USA | ASTM A959 | UNS S44004 (Type 440C) | Higher carbon (0.95–1.20) and Cr (16–18), no V, Mo ≤0.75. Harder but less tough. |
| Japan | JIS G4303 | SUS440A | Similar to 440A, no V. |
| Germany (former) | DIN 17007 | 1.4125 (X105CrMo17) | Higher carbon and Cr, Mo ~0.40–0.80, no V. Used for rolling bearings. |
| Germany (former) | DIN 17007 | 1.4034 (X46Cr13) | Lower C (~0.46), no Mo and V. Lower hardness and wear resistance. |
| China | GB/T 1220 | 7Cr17MoV | Approximately 0.70% C, 17% Cr, Mo & V added. Closest Chinese equivalent but slightly higher Cr. |
Notes:
Heat treatment guidelines: Soft annealing at 750–850°C, followed by slow furnace cooling. Hardening at 980–1050°C, quenched in oil or air, then tempered at 150–300°C to achieve desired hardness (typically 55–58 HRC). For improved toughness, double tempering is recommended. Corrosion resistance: Best in the hardened and polished condition; avoid prolonged exposure to chlorides above 40°C. Welding is possible with pre- and post-heat treatment using matching or slightly over-alloyed filler (e.g., 1.4116 type).
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