X40CrMoVN16-2
X40CrMoVN16-2: Martensitic Corrosion Resisting Steel per EN 10088-1
Technical data for the stainless steel grade X40CrMoVN16-2 according to European standard EN 10088-1, covering chemical composition, mechanical properties, thermal and electrical characteristics, and international equivalents.
Hot forming, machining, quenching and tempering, surface hardening
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X40CrMoVN16-2 Introduction
The grade X40CrMoVN16-2 is defined under EN 10088-1 as a martensitic corrosion‑resisting stainless steel. Although this exact designation does not appear in publicly released editions of EN 10088-1 (the closest official grades are X39CrMo17‑1 and X50CrMoV15), the naming convention indicates a steel with approximately 0.40% carbon, 16% chromium, 2% molybdenum, plus intentional additions of vanadium and nitrogen for improved tempering resistance, wear performance, and secondary hardening. Such a grade is typically used for high‑hardness, moderate‑corrosion‑resistance applications like cutting tools, valve components, and wear‑resistant parts. Delivery condition is usually quenched and tempered to achieve a martensitic microstructure with high strength and moderate toughness.
X40CrMoVN16-2 Chemical Composition
The following table shows a typical chemical composition for a martensitic stainless steel of the X40CrMoVN16‑2 type, based on interpolation from related EN 10088‑1 grades.
- Confirmation: This exact grade is not listed in the published EN 10088‑1 standard; values are inferred from analogous grades such as X39CrMo17‑1, X50CrMoV15, and general martensitic stainless steel rules.
- All data must be verified against an actual material certificate or a revised standard before use in design or production.
| Element | Typical Value (%) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.35 – 0.45 | Core hardening element |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 1.00 | Deoxidizer |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 1.00 | Desulphurisation, hardenability |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.040 | Impurity control |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.015 | Machinability/impurity |
| Chromium (Cr) | 15.00 – 17.00 | Corrosion resistance, carbide former |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 1.50 – 2.50 | Secondary hardening, corrosion resistance |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.10 – 0.30 | Grain refinement, wear resistance |
| Nitrogen (N) | 0.05 – 0.15 | Increases strength and pitting resistance |
| Nickel (Ni) | ≤ 0.50 | Usually kept low for martensitic structure |
X40CrMoVN16-2 Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
Physical properties are estimated for a high‑chromium martensitic stainless steel with 16% Cr and 2% Mo.
- Data are typical for room temperature unless stated otherwise.
- Variation occurs with heat treatment condition and exact composition.
| Property | Typical Value | Unit | Condition/Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.70 | g/cm³ | 20 °C |
| Elastic Modulus (E) | 215 | GPa | 20 °C |
| Shear Modulus (G) | 83 | GPa | Calculated |
| Poisson's Ratio (ν) | 0.30 | — | 20 °C |
| Thermal Expansion Coef. (α) | 10.5 × 10⁻⁶ | K⁻¹ | 20–100 °C |
| Thermal Expansion Coef. (α) | 11.5 × 10⁻⁶ | K⁻¹ | 20–500 °C |
| Thermal Conductivity (λ) | 25 | W/(m·K) | 20 °C |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 460 | J/(kg·K) | 20 °C |
| Electrical Resistivity (ρe) | 0.65 | Ω·mm²/m | 20 °C |
X40CrMoVN16-2 Mechanical Properties
Values below represent approximate mechanical properties after quenching and tempering to a hardness of 50–55 HRC, typical for this material category.
- Exact properties are highly dependent on heat treatment parameters and section size.
- No formal standard‑mandated values exist for X40CrMoVN16‑2; these figures are derived from comparable grades like X39CrMo17‑1 and X50CrMoV15.
| Property | Typical Value | Unit | Condition/Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hardness | 50 – 55 | HRC | Quenched & tempered at 200–300 °C |
| Yield Strength (ReH) | ≥ 1450 | MPa | At room temperature, small sections |
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | 1700 – 2100 | MPa | Quenched & tempered |
| Elongation (A) | ≥ 4 | % | Gauge length L0=5d |
| Impact Energy (KV) | ≥ 10 | J | Charpy‑V, at 20 °C, estimated |
| Bend Test | No cracks | – | 180° bend over diameter = 3×thickness (typical pass) |
X40CrMoVN16-2 Full Equivalent Material Standards and Replaceable Grades
No officially recognised identical grade exists under other national standards. The table lists the closest standardised alternatives from EN 10088‑1 that may be considered for substitution after engineering assessment.
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | EN 10088‑1 | X39CrMo17‑1 (1.4122) | Closest Cr‑Mo martensitic; lacks V and N, slightly lower Mo |
| Europe | EN 10088‑1 | X50CrMoV15 (1.4116) | Contains V, lower Cr and Mo, commonly used for cutlery |
| Germany (DIN) | DIN EN 10088‑1 | X90CrMoV18 (1.4112) | Higher C, higher Cr, used for bearings, but contains V |
| USA | ASTM A276 | 440C (UNS S44004) | High‑carbon martensitic with similar Cr but Mo only ~0.75%, no V or N |
| USA | ASTM A276 | 440B (UNS S44003) | Lower C than 440C, still lacking V and N |
X40CrMoVN16-2 Application Introduction
Thanks to its combination of high hardness, good wear resistance, and moderate corrosion resistance, X40CrMoVN16‑2 (and its closest standard analogues) finds use in demanding environments where both mechanical stress and mild chemical attack are present. Typical heat treatment involves austenitising at 1000–1050 °C, oil/air quenching, followed by double tempering at 200–300 °C to achieve a hardness of 50–56 HRC.
Product Applications: High‑end kitchen knives, scissors, and blades, Surgical scalpels, forceps, and dental instruments, Injection moulds and extrusion dies for corrosive polymers, Valve stems, seats, and pump shafts in the chemical industry, Ball and roller bearings for mild corrosive environments, Wear plates and cutting tools
Processed into products: Valve cones and seats, Plastic injection mould cavities and cores, Pump impellers and wear rings, High‑hardness bushings and sleeves, Bearing races for food machinery, Knife blades (kitchen, industrial)
Application industries: Cutlery and kitchenware manufacturing, Medical and surgical instruments, Food processing machinery, Plastics processing (moulds, screws, nozzles), Mechanical engineering (valves, pumps, shafts), General tooling (gauges, dies, wear parts)
X40CrMoVN16-2 Similar / Analogous Alternative Materials Recommendation
These grades offer comparable performance in terms of hardness, corrosion resistance, or wear behaviour, but chemical composition and heat treatment response differ. Careful evaluation is required before substitution.
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | EN ISO 4957 | X38CrMoV5‑1 (1.2343) | Hot‑work tool steel, not stainless; better temper resistance but lower corrosion resistance |
| Europe | EN 10088‑1 | X17CrNi16‑2 (1.4057) | Precipitation‑hardening martensitic; better corrosion resistance and toughness but lower hardness |
| Japan | JIS G4303 | SUS440C | Equivalent to 440C; high hardness, moderate corrosion |
| Germany | DIN EN 10027‑2 | 1.4112 (X90CrMoV18) | Already mentioned as equivalent; high Cr with V for wear |
Notes:
Important Notice: The grade X40CrMoVN16‑2 is not explicitly listed in the current revision of EN 10088‑1. The information provided in this document is a synthesis from structurally similar officially standardised martensitic stainless steels (X39CrMo17‑1, X50CrMoV15, etc.) and general metallurgical principles.
- All chemical and mechanical data must be considered as approximate and intended solely for preliminary comparison. For design or procurement, always request a genuine material certificate or confirm the exact standard designation with the supplier.
- Possible alternative designations that might exist in proprietary specifications or older national standards should be cross‑checked.
- Heat treatment parameters significantly influence final properties; recommended practices are derived from analogous grades.
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