X2CrMoTi18-2 (1.4521) Ferritic Stainless Steel
X2CrMoTi18-2 (1.4521) Ferritic Stainless Steel - EN 10088-1 Plate/Coil for Corrosion Resistance
Full material data for X2CrMoTi18-2 (1.4521) ferritic stainless steel, a stabilized low-carbon 18%Cr-2%Mo alloy with titanium addition, supplied as plate or coil under EN 10088-1. Includes chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties, international equivalents, and application guidance.
Hot rolling, cold rolling, forming, welding, drawing, bending
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X2CrMoTi18-2 Ferritic Stainless Steel Introduction
X2CrMoTi18-2, designated 1.4521 in EN 10088-1, is a titanium-stabilized ferritic stainless steel with a low carbon content. The addition of 1.8-2.5% molybdenum significantly improves pitting corrosion resistance, particularly in chloride-containing environments, while titanium prevents intergranular sensitization. The alloy offers a combination of good mechanical strength, excellent formability, and high thermal conductivity compared to austenitic grades. It is supplied in the annealed condition as plate or coil and does not require post-weld heat treatment for many applications, making it cost-effective for automotive exhaust systems, hot water tanks, solar heating panels, and kitchen equipment. Its magnetic nature and low thermal expansion also suit specific engineering uses.
X2CrMoTi18-2 Ferritic Stainless Steel Chemical Composition
The chemical composition conforms to EN 10088-1:2014 for grade 1.4521. Titanium content is governed by the stabilization formula Ti: 4×(C+N)+0.15 to 0.80 to avoid intergranular chromium carbide precipitation. All values are maximum unless a range is given. The very low carbon and nitrogen limits ensure good toughness and ductility in the welded condition.
| Element | Mass fraction (%) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| C | ≤0.025 | Low carbon for weldability |
| Si | ≤1.00 | |
| Mn | ≤1.00 | |
| P | ≤0.040 | |
| S | ≤0.015 | Low sulfur for cleanliness |
| Cr | 17.0 – 20.0 | Primary corrosion resistance element |
| Mo | 1.80 – 2.50 | Enhances pitting resistance |
| N | ≤0.025 | Controlled to maintain ductility |
| Ti | 0.15+4×(C+N) to 0.80 | Stabilizing element, must satisfy the formula |
X2CrMoTi18-2 Ferritic Stainless Steel Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
The physical properties are typical at room temperature unless otherwise stated. These values are not part of the EN standard but are drawn from reliable published data for 1.4521 ferritic stainless steel. The density is lower than that of austenitic grades, and the thermal conductivity is relatively high, making it suitable for heat transfer applications. The thermal expansion coefficient is moderate and decreases above 400°C. Electrical resistivity is higher than carbon steel but lower than austenitic stainless steels.
| Property | Typical value | Unit | Test condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.7 | g/cm³ | At 20°C |
| Elastic modulus (E) | 220 | GPa | At 20°C |
| Shear modulus (G) | 83 | GPa | At 20°C |
| Poisson ratio (ν) | 0.27 – 0.30 | — | At 20°C |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (α) 20–100°C | 10.5 | ×10⁻⁶/K | Mean coefficient |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (α) 20–200°C | 11.0 | ×10⁻⁶/K | Mean coefficient |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (α) 20–400°C | 11.5 | ×10⁻⁶/K | Mean coefficient |
| Thermal conductivity (λ) | 23 | W/(m·K) | At 20°C |
| Specific heat capacity | 460 | J/(kg·K) | At 20°C |
| Electrical resistivity (ρₑ) | 0.60 | Ω·mm²/m | At 20°C |
X2CrMoTi18-2 Ferritic Stainless Steel Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties refer to the annealed (+A) condition as per EN 10088-2:2014, tested at room temperature. The values vary with product thickness (t) and orientation. Yield strength and tensile strength are measured in the longitudinal direction. Elongation is given for both longitudinal (L) and transverse (T) orientations for thin gauge products (A80) and for standard A gauge in thicker products. Bend test requirements are also thickness dependent. No KV impact requirement is specified for this ferritic grade.
| Property | Specification | Unit | Test condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength (Rm) | 450 – 650 | MPa | All thicknesses, annealed |
| Yield strength (Rp0.2) | ≥260 | MPa | Thickness t ≤6 mm |
| Yield strength (Rp0.2) | ≥240 | MPa | 6 mm < t ≤12.5 mm |
| Elongation (A80) | ≥15 (L) / ≥12 (T) | % | Thickness <3 mm, gauge length 80 mm |
| Elongation (A) | ≥18 (L) / ≥17 (T) | % | Thickness 3 mm ≤ t ≤12.5 mm, gauge length 5.65√S0 |
| Bend test, mandrel diameter | 2t | — | Thickness ≤5 mm, bending angle 180° |
| Bend test, mandrel diameter | 3t | — | Thickness >5 mm, bending angle 180° |
X2CrMoTi18-2 Ferritic Stainless Steel Completely Equivalent Material Standards and Replaceable Grades
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | EN 10088-1 | X2CrMoTi18-2 (1.4521) | Original grade |
| International | ISO 15510 | X2CrMoTi18-2 | Identical composition limits |
| USA | ASTM A240/A240M | UNS S44400 | Essentially identical; Ti stabilization, 18Cr-2Mo |
| Japan | JIS G4304/G4305 | SUS444 | Equivalent ferritic grade with Ti |
X2CrMoTi18-2 Ferritic Stainless Steel Application Introduction
X2CrMoTi18-2 (1.4521) is widely used where good pitting corrosion resistance is required without the cost of austenitic grades. Its ferritic structure brings high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion, and the titanium stabilization enables welding without intergranular attack. The alloy is suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications, especially in water, mild chlorides, and automotive exhaust condensates.
Product Applications: Automobile exhaust mufflers and pipes, Solar heating flat-plate collectors, Hot water storage cylinders, Deep-drawn kitchen sinks, Industrial heat exchanger tubes and plates
Processed into products: Welded exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) coolers, Dished ends and shells for pressure vessels, Stamped kitchen sink bowls, Rolled and welded ducting components, Laser-cut solar absorber fins
Application industries: Automotive (exhaust systems, manifolds, catalytic converter shells), Domestic appliances (hot water tanks, washing machine drums, kitchen sinks), Renewable energy (solar water heater absorbers, thermal collectors), Food & catering (table tops, food processing equipment, commercial kitchen counters), Construction & architecture (roofing, cladding, rainwater goods)
X2CrMoTi18-2 Ferritic Stainless Steel Near/Similar Substitute Material Recommendations
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | EN 10088-1 | X2CrTiNb18 (1.4509) | Stabilized with Ti+Nb; slightly lower Mo but similar corrosion behaviour |
| European Union | EN 10088-1 | X2CrNi12 (1.4003) | Low-cost ferritic with lower Cr and no Mo; suitable for less corrosive environments |
| China | GB/T 3280 | 019Cr19Mo2NbTi (S11973) | Contains Nb in addition to Ti; comparable corrosion resistance |
| USA | ASTM A240/A240M | UNS S43932 | 18Cr Ti-stabilized without Mo; inferior pitting resistance but may substitute in mild conditions |
Notes:
This stabilized ferritic grade can be used at temperatures up to 950 °C for intermittent service. For continuous service, 800 °C is recommended. It is not susceptible to stress corrosion cracking in chloride media, a common advantage over austenitic grades. Pre-weld and post-weld heat treatments are not normally necessary, but pickling and passivation improve corrosion resistance of heat-tinted areas.
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