X2CrMoTiS18-2 EN 10088-1 Ferritic Stainless Steel
X2CrMoTiS18-2 EN 10088-1 Ferritic Stainless Steel - Sulfur-Added, Titanium-Stabilized for Enhanced Machinability
Detailed analysis of X2CrMoTiS18-2 (1.4523) ferritic stainless steel to EN 10088-1/-2, covering chemical composition, mechanical properties, physical data, international equivalents, and application guidance.
Cold forming, bending, deep drawing, machining, welding (with precautions), blanking
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X2CrMoTiS18-2 EN 10088-1 Ferritic Stainless Steel Introduction
X2CrMoTiS18-2 (1.4523) is a ferritic stainless steel with deliberate sulfur addition to improve machinability, while maintaining good corrosion resistance through molybdenum alloying and titanium stabilization. This grade prevents intergranular corrosion after welding or high-temperature exposure, and offers a balanced combination of strength, formability, and ease of cutting. It is primarily supplied as cold-rolled sheet/coil in the annealed condition. Key advantages include low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity, and magnetic properties typical of ferritics.
X2CrMoTiS18-2 EN 10088-1 Ferritic Stainless Steel Chemical Composition
All values are taken from EN 10088-1:2014 for grade X2CrMoTiS18-2 (1.4523).
Note: Sulfur is intentionally added within the range 0.15–0.35% to enhance machinability. Titanium content is expressed as a formula to ensure full stabilization of carbon and nitrogen, preventing sensitization.
| Element | Standard Value | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.025 | Low carbon for ferritic stability and weldability |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 1.00 | General deoxidation element |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 1.00 | Austenite stabilizer; controlled to maintain ferritic structure |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.040 | Impurity, maximum limit |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.15 – 0.35 | Added for machinability (free cutting) |
| Chromium (Cr) | 17.0 – 20.0 | Primary corrosion resistance element |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 1.80 – 2.50 | Improves pitting and crevice corrosion resistance |
| Titanium (Ti) | 0.30 + 4×(C+N) to 0.80 | Stabilization element; minimum depends on C & N content |
| Nitrogen (N) | ≤ 0.025 | Low nitrogen to maintain ferritic structure and aid Ti stabilization |
X2CrMoTiS18-2 EN 10088-1 Ferritic Stainless Steel Physical Properties
Typical physical data for X2CrMoTiS18-2 (1.4523) in the annealed condition. These values are gathered from published stainless steel data and align with similar 18Cr-2Mo ferritic grades. Slight variations may occur with processing history.
Note: Magnetic at all temperatures.
| Property | Value | Unit | Test Condition / Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.7 | kg/dm³ (g/cm³) | Room temperature |
| Elastic modulus (E) | 220 | GPa | 20°C |
| Shear modulus (G) | 85 | GPa | Calculated from E and ν (ν ≈ 0.28) |
| Poisson ratio (ν) | 0.28 | – | At 20°C (typical for ferritic steel) |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (α) | 10.5 × 10⁻⁶ | K⁻¹ | 20 – 100°C |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (α) | 11.0 × 10⁻⁶ | K⁻¹ | 20 – 200°C |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (α) | 11.5 × 10⁻⁶ | K⁻¹ | 20 – 400°C |
| Thermal conductivity (λ) | 25 | W/(m·K) | At 20°C |
| Thermal conductivity (λ) | 26 | W/(m·K) | At 100°C |
| Specific heat capacity | 460 | J/(kg·K) | At 20°C |
| Electrical resistivity (ρ_e) | 0.60 | µΩ·m | At 20°C |
X2CrMoTiS18-2 EN 10088-1 Ferritic Stainless Steel Mechanical Properties
Mechanical properties according to EN 10088-2:2014 for cold-rolled strip/sheet in annealed condition (+A). Data applies to thickness ≤ 8 mm for longitudinal test pieces, unless otherwise noted.
Note: Transverse properties may show slightly reduced elongation.
| Property | Standard Required Value | Unit | Test Conditions / Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yield strength (Rp0.2) | ≥ 300 | MPa | Transverse: ≥ 300 MPa (typically same) |
| Tensile strength (Rm) | 420 – 620 | MPa | Annealed condition, room temperature |
| Elongation after fracture (A80mm) | ≥ 20 | % | Longitudinal, gauge length 80 mm, thickness ≤ 8 mm |
| Hardness | ≤ 200 | HBW | Approximate conversion; not mandatory but typical |
| Bend test | No cracks | – | 180° bend around mandrel of diameter 1× thickness for thickness ≤ 5 mm; 2× thickness for 5–8 mm |
X2CrMoTiS18-2 EN 10088-1 Ferritic Stainless Steel Complete Equivalent Material Standards & Substitute Grades
| Country / Region | Standard | Grade Designation | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | EN 10088-1/-2 | X2CrMoTi18-2 (1.4521) | Non-sulfur variant; same base composition without deliberate S addition |
| USA | ASTM A240 | UNS S44400 | Equivalent to 1.4521; no sulfur-added variant in ASTM |
| Japan | JIS G4304/4305 | SUS444 | Equivalent to UNS S44400; no sulfur variant |
X2CrMoTiS18-2 EN 10088-1 Ferritic Stainless Steel Application Introduction
X2CrMoTiS18-2 is specifically designed for components that require good corrosion resistance combined with improved machinability. The sulfur addition acts as a chip breaker, reducing tool wear and enabling higher cutting speeds. Typical uses span three main areas:
- Automotive exhaust and fuel systems
- Household appliances exposed to moisture and mild chemicals
- General engineering where free-machining stainless is needed
Product Applications: Cold-rolled sheet and coil for stamping and deep drawing, Hot-rolled plate for structural parts, Precision strip for spring washers and clips, Bar and wire rod (produced via secondary processing) for fasteners
Processed into products: Exhaust system brackets and flanges, Washing machine inner drums and drum supports, Dishwasher spray arms and cutlery baskets, Fasteners (screws, bolts, studs) with improved machinability, Fuel injector components and oxygen sensor housings, Precision turned parts for valve stems and pump shafts
Application industries: Automotive (exhaust manifolds, mufflers, flexible couplings, fuel tanks), Appliance manufacturing (washing machines, dishwashers, tumble dryers), Cutlery and kitchenware (blades, scissors, hygiene components), Fasteners (screws, nuts, bolts requiring periodic cleaning), Chemical processing equipment (low pressure, moderate temperature), Food processing machinery (mechanically cut parts)
X2CrMoTiS18-2 EN 10088-1 Ferritic Stainless Steel Similar / Alternative Material Recommendations
| Country / Region | Standard | Grade Designation | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | EN 10088-1 | X2CrMoTi18-2 (1.4521) | Identical composition except sulfur; same corrosion and mechanical properties; lower machinability |
| EU | EN 10088-1 | X6CrMo17-1 (1.4113) | Ferritic with Mo, lower Cr (16–18%), no Ti; slightly lower corrosion resistance; magnetic |
| USA | ASTM A240 | Type 434 (S43400) | 17Cr-1Mo without Ti stabilization; inferior weldability and IGC resistance but similar general corrosion |
| USA | ASTM A240 | Type 436 (S43600) | 17Cr-1Mo with Nb stabilization; closer match in corrosion and formability, no S addition |
Notes:
Welding of this grade is possible but requires precautions. The sulfur content may slightly reduce weld pool fluidity. Use low heat input and ferritic filler metal (e.g., 1.4509 or over-alloyed). Post-weld annealing is not necessary for thin sections due to Ti stabilization. Magnetic properties retained after all thermal treatments. Available finishes: 2B, 2D, BA, and brushed.
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