X12Cr13 (1.4006) Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil
X12Cr13 (1.4006) Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil - EN 10088-1 Data & Properties
Comprehensive material data for X12Cr13 stainless steel to EN 10088-1. Chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties, international equivalents, and application guidance for plate and coil products.
Hot rolling, cold rolling, annealing, quenching and tempering, machining, welding (with precautions)
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X12Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Introduction
X12Cr13, designated 1.4006 in EN 10088-1, is a martensitic chromium stainless steel offering a balanced combination of moderate corrosion resistance and high mechanical strength after heat treatment.
- Contains approximately 12% chromium, providing basic corrosion resistance in mild environments.
- Hardenable by quenching and tempering, allowing a range of strength and hardness levels.
- Good ductility and toughness in the annealed condition, suitable for forming.
- Widely used for components requiring strength and wear resistance, such as cutlery, turbine blades, and valve parts.
- Available in plate and coil form, typically delivered in annealed (+A), quenched and tempered (+QT), or other conditions.
X12Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Chemical Composition
Chemical composition according to EN 10088-1 for X12Cr13 (1.4006). Values are ladle analysis limits. The carbon content is kept low to allow higher toughness, while chromium provides the essential corrosion resistance. Phosphorus and sulfur are limited to ensure good ductility and cleanliness.
| Element | Standard Value | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.08 – 0.15 | Key for hardenability |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 1.00 | |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 1.50 | |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.040 | |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.015* | * ≤0.030 for flat products of certain thickness; ≤0.015 aimed for better ductility |
| Chromium (Cr) | 11.50 – 13.50 | Provides corrosion resistance |
| Nickel (Ni) | ≤ 0.75 | |
| Nitrogen (N) | ≤ 0.040 |
X12Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Physical Properties
Typical physical properties of X12Cr13 (1.4006) at ambient temperature and elevated temperatures. These values are indicative and may vary with heat treatment condition. The material is ferromagnetic. Thermal conductivity is moderate compared to austenitic stainless steels, and thermal expansion is lower than that of 300 series grades.
| Property | Standard Required Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.70 – 7.75 | kg/dm³ | 20°C |
| Modulus of elasticity (E) | 215 | GPa | 20°C |
| Shear modulus (G) | 84 | GPa | 20°C, calculated |
| Poisson's ratio (ν) | 0.28 – 0.30 | – | 20°C |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (α) | 10.5 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20 – 100°C |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (α) | 11.0 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20 – 200°C |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (α) | 11.5 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20 – 400°C |
| Thermal conductivity (λ) | 30.0 | W/(m·K) | 20°C |
| Specific heat capacity (c_p) | 460 | J/(kg·K) | 20°C |
| Electrical resistivity (ρ_e) | 0.55 – 0.60 | Ω·mm²/m | 20°C |
X12Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Mechanical Properties
Mechanical properties at room temperature for X12Cr13 (1.4006) plate/coil in various delivery conditions according to EN 10088-2 (flat products). In the quenched and tempered condition (+QT), this grade achieves high yield and tensile strengths while retaining adequate elongation. Impact toughness values depend strongly on tempering temperature. For annealed (+A) condition, strength is lower with higher ductility.
| Property | Standard Required Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength (Rp0.2) | ≥ 450 | MPa | +QT650, thickness ≤ 75 mm |
| Yield Strength (Rp0.2) | ≥ 400 | MPa | +QT700, thickness ≤ 75 mm |
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | 650 – 850 | MPa | +QT650 |
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | 700 – 900 | MPa | +QT700 |
| Elongation after fracture (A) | ≥ 15 (longitudinal) | % | +QT650, thickness ≤ 75 mm |
| Elongation after fracture (A) | ≥ 12 (longitudinal) | % | +QT700, thickness ≤ 75 mm |
| Impact energy (KV) | ≥ 25 (longitudinal) | J | +QT650, 20°C, thickness ≥ 10 mm |
| Impact energy (KV) | ≥ 20 (longitudinal) | J | +QT700, 20°C, thickness ≥ 10 mm |
| Hardness (HBW) | ≤ 217 | - | +A (annealed) condition, typical maximum |
| Yield Strength (Rp0.2) (annealed) | ≤ 360 (guideline) | MPa | +A condition, not mandatory for standard flat products |
| Tensile Strength (Rm) (annealed) | ≤ 600 (guideline) | MPa | +A condition |
| Elongation (A5) (annealed) | ≥ 20 (typical) | % | +A condition |
X12Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Exact Equivalent Material Standards and Substitutable Grades
| Country/Region | Standard | Designation | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | EN 10088-1 | X12Cr13 (1.4006) | Original grade, identical composition |
| United States | ASTM A240/A240M | 410 (UNS S41000) | Comparable martensitic stainless steel, minor composition variations acceptable |
| Japan | JIS G4304 | SUS410 | Essentially the same grade, widely used |
| China | GB/T 3280 | 12Cr13 | Identical as per Chinese standard |
| International | ISO 15510 | X12Cr13 | Direct match, same designation |
X12Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Application Introduction
X12Cr13 is a versatile martensitic stainless steel used where moderate corrosion resistance and high mechanical strength are required. Typical service environments include mild atmospheres, steam, water, and some dilute chemicals. It is not recommended for highly corrosive chloride-containing media due to risk of pitting and stress corrosion cracking. Hardening and tempering heat treatments allow tailoring properties to specific applications.
Product Applications: Turbine blades (steam and gas), Pump shafts and impellers, Valve stems and seats, Steam fittings and pipe components, Cutlery blanks and finished blades, Surgical instruments (non-critical), Bolts, nuts, and fasteners for moderate temperatures, Moulds and dies
Processed into products: Shafts for rotary pumps, Compressor blades, Steam nozzles, Kitchen knife blades, Valve spherical parts, Furnace parts (moderate temperature), Reaction vessel cladding
Application industries: Power generation (steam turbines, gas turbines), General mechanical engineering, Cutlery and kitchenware, Pumps and valves, Food and beverage processing, Medical instruments (limited, non-critical), Automotive components (e.g., shafts)
X12Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Similar/Alternative Material Recommendations
| Country/Region | Standard | Designation | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | EN 10088-1 | X12CrS13 (1.4005) | Free-machining variant with sulfur; lower toughness but better machinability |
| Europe | EN 10088-1 | X20Cr13 (1.4021) | Higher carbon (0.16-0.25%) provides higher hardness after heat treatment, but lower weldability and toughness |
| Europe | EN 10088-1 | X6Cr13 (1.4000) | Lower carbon for improved weldability, lower strength |
| Europe | EN 10088-1 | X30Cr13 (1.4028) | High carbon for cutting applications; very high hardness, reduced ductility |
| USA | ASTM A240 | 410S (S41008) | Low carbon modification for better weldability, not heat treatable to same strength |
Notes:
- For welded structures, post-weld heat treatment is often required to restore mechanical properties and relieve stress.
- Susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement in sour service; suitable for NACE MR0175 only within specific hardness limits and heat treatment conditions.
- Scaling temperature in air approximately 700°C; not recommended for prolonged use above 600°C due to loss of strength and oxidation.
- Magnetic properties: ferromagnetic in all conditions.
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