GB/T 4237 12Cr17Ni7 Stainless Steel
12Cr17Ni7 Stainless Steel | GB/T 4237 Austenitic Plate/Coil Data
Comprehensive data for 12Cr17Ni7 (1Cr17Ni7) stainless steel per GB/T 4237 – chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties, equivalents, and application guide.
Hot rolling, cold rolling, cold drawing, forming, stamping, welding
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GB/T 4237 12Cr17Ni7 Stainless Steel Introduction
12Cr17Ni7 (formerly 1Cr17Ni7) is an austenitic stainless steel standardized under GB/T 4237 for hot-rolled plates, sheets and strips. It belongs to the Cr-Ni series with controlled carbon content, providing an optimal balance of strength and formability. After cold working, this grade exhibits high tensile strength and fatigue resistance, making it suitable for spring applications and structural components. The alloy features moderate corrosion resistance in atmospheric and mildly aggressive environments. Compared to 304 grades, 12Cr17Ni7 has a higher work hardening rate and can achieve significantly higher strength levels through cold reduction. Typical delivery condition is solution annealed, but it is also available in various cold-rolled tempers.
GB/T 4237 12Cr17Ni7 Stainless Steel Chemical Composition
Chemical composition conforming to GB/T 4237-2015 for 12Cr17Ni7 austenitic stainless steel. Values represent ladle analysis; permissible product analysis tolerances may apply as per the standard.
- Maximum limits are shown unless a range is specified.
- Trace elements not listed are typically present but not regulated.
| Element | Specified Value | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| C | ≤0.15 | |
| Si | ≤1.00 | |
| Mn | ≤2.00 | |
| P | ≤0.045 | |
| S | ≤0.030 | |
| Cr | 16.00 - 18.00 | |
| Ni | 6.00 - 8.00 |
GB/T 4237 12Cr17Ni7 Stainless Steel Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
Typical physical properties for 12Cr17Ni7 (UNS S30100 / 1.4310) in the annealed condition. These values are compiled from general technical literature and represent approximate data; they may vary slightly with specific production batches and test methods.
- Thermal expansion coefficients are listed for different temperature intervals.
- Electrical resistivity is valid at room temperature.
| Property | Typical Value | Unit | Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.93 | g/cm³ | At 20°C |
| Modulus of Elasticity (E) | 193 | GPa | At 20°C |
| Shear Modulus (G) | 74 | GPa | At 20°C |
| Poisson's Ratio (ν) | 0.3 | - | At 20°C |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (α) | 17.3 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20-100°C |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (α) | 17.8 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20-200°C |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (α) | 18.4 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20-300°C |
| Thermal Conductivity (λ) | 15.0 | W/(m·K) | At 100°C |
| Specific Heat Capacity (c) | 500 | J/(kg·K) | At 20°C |
| Electrical Resistivity (ρ_e) | 0.73 | μΩ·m | At 20°C |
GB/T 4237 12Cr17Ni7 Stainless Steel Mechanical Properties
Mechanical property requirements for hot-rolled plate/coil in solution annealed condition per GB/T 4237-2015. Properties depend on thickness; the values below are valid for thicknesses ≤3 mm and refer to minimum requirements unless otherwise noted. For heavy sections, property adjustments may apply.
- Yield strength is reported as 0.2% proof strength (Rp0.2).
- Elongation measured on a gauge length of 50 mm (standard proportional test piece).
- Hardness requirements apply for reference; usually only one method is used for acceptance.
| Property | Standard Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength (Rp0.2) | ≥205 | MPa | Solution annealed, room temperature |
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | ≥520 | MPa | Solution annealed, room temperature |
| Elongation (A) | ≥40 | % | Solution annealed, gauge length 50 mm |
| Hardness (HBW) | ≤187 | HBW | Solution annealed |
| Hardness (HRB) | ≤90 | HRB | Solution annealed |
| Hardness (HV) | ≤200 | HV | Solution annealed |
GB/T 4237 12Cr17Ni7 Stainless Steel Equivalent Grades – Directly Referenced Standards and Designations
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | GB/T 4237, GB/T 3280 | 12Cr17Ni7 (1Cr17Ni7) | Designation in Chinese standard |
| USA | ASTM A240/A240M | S30100 | UNS number, widely accepted |
| Europe | EN 10088-2, EN 10088-3 | X10CrNi18-8 (1.4310) | Chemical equivalent |
| Japan | JIS G4304, JIS G4305 | SUS301 | Equivalent grade |
| International | ISO 15510 | X10CrNi18-8 | Follows EN designation |
GB/T 4237 12Cr17Ni7 Stainless Steel Application Introduction
12Cr17Ni7 is tailored for components that demand high strength after cold forming combined with adequate corrosion resistance. It is not recommended for severe corrosive environments, high-temperature oxidation, or cryogenic service due to potential martensite formation and reduced toughness at low temperatures.
Product Applications: Flat springs, Coiled springs, Spring washers, Retaining rings, Hose clamps, Snap rings, Metal domes for keyboards, Electrical contacts
Processed into products: Automotive hose clamps and constant-tension bands, Circuit breaker springs, Leaf springs for electrical contacts, Battery spring terminals, Snap rings for shafts, Spring washers (DIN 127 type), Self-tapping screw clamps
Application industries: Automotive (engine compartments, chassis components), Electronics (connectors, switches), Railway (bogie parts, structural clips), Precision machinery, Medical devices (non-implantable instruments), Household appliances (spring elements)
GB/T 4237 12Cr17Ni7 Stainless Steel Comparable Materials – Alternative Grades with Slightly Different Properties
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | GB/T 4237 | 12Cr18Ni9 (1Cr18Ni9) | Higher Cr (17-19%) and Ni (8-10.5%), improved corrosion resistance but lower work hardening rate; more suitable for general applications. |
| China | GB/T 4237 | 06Cr19Ni10 (0Cr19Ni10) | Low-carbon type, better weldability and intergranular corrosion resistance; lower strength due to lower carbon. |
| USA | ASTM A240 | S30400 (304) | Standard 18/8 stainless, superior general corrosion resistance, lesser cold-work strengthening compared to 301. |
| Europe | EN 10088-2 | X5CrNi18-10 (1.4301) | Equivalent to 304, higher Ni content; often used when higher resistance to oxidizing media is required. |
Notes:
- For optimum corrosion resistance in chloride-containing environments, grades such as 06Cr19Ni10 (304) or 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 (316L) are preferred.
- After heavy cold reduction, the material can become slightly magnetic due to deformation-induced martensite, which is normal for this austenitic grade.
- Cold-rolled tempers (e.g., 1/2H, 3/4H, H) provide tensile strengths up to 1200–1500 MPa, but ductility is reduced accordingly. Refer to temper-specific standards or supplier datasheets for precise mechanical values.
- Solution annealing is typically performed at 1010–1120°C followed by rapid cooling.
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