CCS Grade D Shipbuilding Steel Plate
CCS Grade D Shipbuilding Steel Plate | Comprehensive Material Data and International Equivalents
Detailed properties of CCS Grade D shipbuilding steel plate including chemical composition, mechanical, thermal & electrical physical properties, international equivalents, and application guidance.
Hot rolling, normalizing (optional), welding, cutting, forming, machining
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CCS Grade D Shipbuilding Steel Plate Introduction
CCS Grade D is a normal-strength hull structural steel plate certified by the China Classification Society (CCS). It conforms to CCS Rules for Materials and Welding and is equivalent to GB/T 712-2011 Grade D. This grade is intended for welded construction of ships and offshore structures, offering good weldability, moderate strength, and reliable low-temperature impact toughness at -20°C. With a minimum yield strength of 235 MPa and tensile strength of 400-520 MPa, Grade D is widely used for hull plates, decks, and superstructures. The steel is typically supplied in as-rolled condition, and normalizing may be applied for thicker plates to refine grain structure and improve toughness.
CCS Grade D Shipbuilding Steel Plate Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of CCS Grade D steel meets strict requirements to ensure excellent weldability and toughness. The steel is low-carbon, with manganese content controlled for strength and toughness. Grain-refining elements such as aluminum (Als ≥0.015%) are required to achieve fine grain structure and good low-temperature properties. Residual elements are limited to avoid detrimental effects.
| Element | Standard Value | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| C | ≤0.21 | Carbon – controls strength and hardness |
| Si | ≤0.50 | Silicon – deoxidizer |
| Mn | 0.60-1.35 | Manganese – improves strength and toughness |
| P | ≤0.035 | Phosphorus – impurity, limits toughness |
| S | ≤0.035 | Sulfur – impurity, affects hot workability |
| Als | ≥0.015 | Acid-soluble aluminum – required for grain refinement |
| Cr | ≤0.20 | Chromium – residual element |
| Ni | ≤0.40 | Nickel – residual element |
| Cu | ≤0.35 | Copper – residual element |
| Mo | ≤0.08 | Molybdenum – residual element |
| Nb | ≤0.05 | Niobium – microalloying element, may be added |
| V | ≤0.05 | Vanadium – microalloying element, may be added |
| Ti | ≤0.02 | Titanium – microalloying element, may be added |
CCS Grade D Shipbuilding Steel Plate Thermal & Electrical Physical Properties
The physical properties are typical for low-carbon steel. These values are reference data and may vary slightly depending on composition, heat treatment, and manufacturing process. They are useful for engineering design and calculations involving heat transfer, thermal expansion, and electrical applications.
| Property | Typical Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7850 | kg/m³ | at 20°C |
| Elastic Modulus (E) | 210 | GPa | at 20°C |
| Shear Modulus (G) | 80 | GPa | at 20°C |
| Poisson Ratio (ν) | 0.3 | - | at 20°C |
| Thermal Expansion Coeff. (α) | 11.7 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20–100°C |
| Thermal Conductivity (λ) | 51.9 | W/(m·K) | at 20°C |
| Specific Heat Capacity (c) | 486 | J/(kg·K) | at 20°C |
| Electrical Resistivity (ρ_e) | 0.16 | µΩ·m | at 20°C |
CCS Grade D Shipbuilding Steel Plate Mechanical Properties
Mechanical properties are determined according to standard test methods. The values listed below are minimum/maximum requirements for plates in as-delivered condition. Tensile and impact tests are conducted on test pieces taken from representative samples. Yield strength decreases with increasing plate thickness, while tensile strength range remains constant. Impact energy at -20°C must meet the minimum average of 27 J for longitudinal specimens.
| Property | Standard Required Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength (ReH) | ≥235 | MPa | Thickness ≤ 50 mm, longitudinal |
| Yield Strength (ReH) | ≥215 | MPa | Thickness > 50–70 mm, longitudinal |
| Yield Strength (ReH) | ≥195 | MPa | Thickness > 70–100 mm, longitudinal |
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | 400–520 | MPa | All thicknesses |
| Elongation (A, 5d) | ≥22 | % | Thickness ≤ 50 mm, longitudinal |
| Elongation (A, 5d) | ≥21 | % | Thickness > 50–70 mm, longitudinal |
| Elongation (A, 5d) | ≥20 | % | Thickness > 70–100 mm, longitudinal |
| Impact Energy (KV₂) | ≥27 | J | at -20°C, longitudinal, 10×10 mm specimen |
| Impact Energy (KV₂) | ≥20 | J | at -20°C, transverse, 10×10 mm specimen |
| Bend Test (180°) | d = 2a | Thickness ≤ 25 mm, a = plate thickness, no cracks | |
| Bend Test (180°) | d = 3a | Thickness > 25–50 mm, a = plate thickness, no cracks |
CCS Grade D Shipbuilding Steel Plate Completely Equivalent Material Standards and Replaceable Grades
The following internationally recognized shipbuilding steel grades are fully equivalent to CCS Grade D, as established by the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS). Substitution among these grades is generally accepted, provided the material is certified by the respective class society.
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| International (IACS) | IACS UR W11 | Grade D | Normal strength hull steel |
| USA | ABS Rules for Materials and Welding | ABS Grade D | Equivalent |
| Norway/Germany | DNV Rules | DNV D | Equivalent |
| France | BV Rules | BV D | Equivalent |
| UK | LR Rules | LR D | Equivalent |
| South Korea | KR Rules | KR D | Equivalent |
| Japan | ClassNK Rules | NK D | Equivalent |
| China | GB/T 712-2011 | D | Equivalent national standard grade |
CCS Grade D Shipbuilding Steel Plate Application Introduction
CCS Grade D is the preferred material for primary structural members in shipbuilding, offering a good balance of strength, ductility, and low-temperature toughness. It is designed for welded fabrication and can be cut, formed, and machined with standard workshop practices. It is suitable for moderate-service marine environments.
Product Applications: Oil tanker hulls, Bulk carrier structures, Container ship decks, Offshore platform decks, Jack-up rig legs, Ship superstructures
Processed into products: Hull plates, Deck plates, Bulkhead plates, Longitudinal stiffeners, Transverse frames, Brackets, Pillars, Rudder horns, Keel blocks
Application industries: Shipbuilding, Offshore Engineering, Marine Equipment Manufacturing, Harbor Construction
CCS Grade D Shipbuilding Steel Plate Similar/Alternative Materials Recommendation
For non-marine applications where classification society certification is not mandatory, structural steels with comparable strength and impact toughness may be considered. The listed materials have similar minimum yield strength (235 MPa class) and Charpy impact requirement at -20°C.
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | GB/T 700-2006 | Q235D | Structural carbon steel, impact 27J at -20°C, not ship-certified |
| European Union | EN 10025-2:2004 | S235J2 (1.0117) | Structural steel, impact 27J at -20°C, not ship-certified |
Notes:
Note: This datasheet is for informational purposes only. For critical applications, the material must be ordered against the latest edition of the relevant class society rules or national standards, and be accompanied by test certificates. The tensile properties and impact energy values are valid for thickness ≤50 mm unless stated otherwise; for thicker sections, different requirements apply. Chemical composition and mechanical properties are based on CCS Rules and GB/T 712-2011.
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