ASTM A283 Grade D Carbon Steel Coil
ASTM A283 Grade D Carbon Steel Coil: Chemical, Mechanical, Thermal & Equivalent Data
Comprehensive material data for ASTM A283/A283M Grade D carbon steel coil, covering chemical composition, mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, global equivalents, and typical applications in structural engineering.
Hot rolling, cold forming, welding, shearing, punching, bending
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ASTM A283 Grade D Carbon Steel Coil Introduction
ASTM A283/A283M Grade D is a low and intermediate tensile strength carbon steel plate/coil intended for general structural applications. Despite being categorized as a carbon steel, it provides a balanced combination of moderate strength, good weldability, and formability. The material is typically supplied in hot-rolled condition and can be used in welded, bolted, or riveted structures.
- Yield strength ≥ 230 MPa (33 ksi)
- Tensile strength 415–495 MPa (60–72 ksi)
- Good ductility with elongation ≥ 23% (in 200 mm) depending on thickness
This steel is not a low-alloy high-strength grade but is frequently used as general structural steel owing to its reliability and availability.
ASTM A283 Grade D Carbon Steel Coil Chemical Composition
The chemical composition conforms to ASTM A283/A283M requirements for Grade D. Mn content varies with product thickness. Residual elements like Cu may be specified for enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance.
- For thickness ≤ 20 mm, Mn max 0.90%
- For thickness 20–40 mm, Mn max 1.03%
- For thickness 40–100 mm, Mn max 1.35%
| Element | Standard Value (max, unless range) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.27% | For all thicknesses |
| Mn | 0.90% / 1.03% / 1.35% | Depending on thickness (≤20 / 20–40 / 40–100 mm) |
| P | 0.035% | |
| S | 0.040% | |
| Si | 0.40% | Silicon may be added; typical 0.15–0.40% |
| Cu | 0.20% min (when copper steel is specified) | Optional for atmospheric corrosion resistance |
ASTM A283 Grade D Carbon Steel Coil Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
These values represent typical physical properties for carbon steel similar to A283 Grade D. They are not part of the ASTM specification but are commonly used for engineering calculations.
- Density ~7.85 g/cm³
- Elastic modulus ~200 GPa
- Thermal conductivity ~51.9 W/m·K at 100°C
| Property | Typical Value | Unit | Test Condition / Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.85 | g/cm³ | Room temperature |
| Elastic Modulus (E) | 200 | GPa | Ambient temperature |
| Shear Modulus (G) | 80 | GPa | Approximate |
| Poisson's Ratio (ν) | 0.30 | - | Typical |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (α) | 11.7 (for 20–100°C) | 10⁻⁶/K | Linear, from 20 to 100°C |
| Thermal Conductivity (λ) | 51.9 | W/(m·K) | At 100°C |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 486 | J/(kg·K) | At 20–100°C range |
| Electrical Resistivity (ρ_e) | 0.142 | µΩ·m | At 20°C |
ASTM A283 Grade D Carbon Steel Coil Mechanical Properties
Tensile testing is performed in accordance with ASTM A283/A283M. Elongation values depend on gauge length and specimen thickness. Bend test ensures ductility without cracking.
- Yield strength minimum 230 MPa (33 ksi)
- Tensile strength range 415–495 MPa (60–72 ksi)
| Property | Requirement | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength (ReH) | ≥ 230 | MPa | 0.2% offset, transverse or longitudinal, all thicknesses |
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | 415 – 495 | MPa | Transverse or longitudinal, all thicknesses |
| Elongation (A) in 200 mm (8 in.) | ≥ 23 / 22 / 21 | % | Thickness ≤20 / 20–40 / >40–100 mm |
| Elongation (A) in 50 mm (2 in.) | ≥ 25 / 24 / 23 | % | Thickness ≤20 / 20–40 / >40–100 mm |
| Bend Test (Mandrel Diameter) | 1.5t / 2.0t / 2.5t | - | Cold bend 180°; thickness ≤20 / 20–40 / >40–100 mm, t = specimen thickness |
ASTM A283 Grade D Carbon Steel Coil Exact Equivalent Standards and Substitutable Grades
No international standard delivers exact chemical and tensile requirements identical to ASTM A283 Grade D across all thickness ranges. The materials listed below are commonly accepted as functional substitutes in general structural applications, subject to engineering approval. Minor differences in Mn, Cu, or elongation may exist.
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | ASTM A283/A283M | Grade D | Original specification, base material |
| European Union | EN 10025-2 | S235JR (1.0038) | Similar strength, C ≤ 0.17%, Mn ≤ 1.40%; yield ≥ 235 MPa, tensile 360–510 MPa |
| Japan | JIS G3101 | SS400 | Tensile 400–510 MPa, yield ≥ 245 MPa; no exact Mn/C limits match Grade D |
| China | GB/T 700 | Q235B / Q235D | Yield ≥ 235 MPa, tensile 370–500 MPa; Q235D with low-temperature toughness can replace Grade D |
ASTM A283 Grade D Carbon Steel Coil Application Introduction
ASTM A283 Grade D is extensively used in structural and construction sectors where moderate strength and good formability suffice. Typical uses involve welded assemblies, platforms, stiffeners, and storage equipment. Because of its good weldability, it suits both shop and field fabrication.
- Preferred for hot-rolled coil/plate parts needing further cold forming.
- Commonly specified for non-critical pressure vessel components per ASME code (with restrictions).
- Also employed in agricultural machinery, forklift components, and general engineering supports.
Product Applications: Structural frameworks, Welded beams and columns, Storage tanks (atmospheric, low pressure), Floor plates and gratings, Material handling equipment, Pressure vessel shells (with additional requirements), Brackets, stiffeners, and base plates
Processed into products: Gusset plates and connection plates, Flanges for non-critical service, Brackets and supports, Stiffener rings, Channel and angle sections (fabricated), Machine bases and frames, Couplers and welded hubs
Application industries: Construction & infrastructure, Bridge building, Storage tank & silo manufacturing, Railway vehicle bodies, Shipbuilding (secondary structures), Agricultural equipment, Machinery & general fabrication
ASTM A283 Grade D Carbon Steel Coil Similar or Alternative Materials for Comparison
These grades offer comparable mechanical properties and are often used in similar structural applications. However, their chemical composition and guaranteed minimum values may differ, so direct substitution should be validated.
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | ASTM A36/A36M | A36 | Yield ≥ 250 MPa, tensile 400–550 MPa; higher strength and broader application than A283 D |
| International | ISO 630-2 | S235B | Weldable structural steel, yield ≥ 235 MPa, tensile 360–510 MPa |
| Germany (historic) | DIN 17100 | St37-2 (RSt37-2) | Old designation for steel with tensile 360–510 MPa, close to A283 D |
| Russia | GOST 380 | St3sp (Ст3сп) | Tensile 380–490 MPa, yield ≥ 245 MPa; carbon content ~0.14–0.22% |
Notes:
- Thickness range up to 100 mm (4 in) allowed per ASTM A283/A283M.
- Copper steel option (Cu ≥ 0.20%) enhances atmospheric corrosion resistance about twice that of plain carbon steel.
- For welded structures, preheat and interpass temperature control may be necessary based on thickness and carbon equivalent.
- Not recommended for low-temperature toughness-critical applications unless tested for impact requirements.
- Dimensional tolerances follow ASTM A6/A6M for plates and ASTM A568/A568M for coils.
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