ASME SA-106 Grade C Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe
ASME SA106 Grade C Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Boiler Service
Complete material data for ASME SA106 Grade C seamless carbon steel pipe used in boilers and high-temperature applications, including chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties, international equivalents, and application guidance.
Hot-finished or cold-drawn seamless process; heat treatment: full annealed, normalized or stress-relieved
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ASME SA-106 Grade C Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe Introduction
ASME SA106 Grade C is a seamless carbon steel pipe designed for high-temperature service, widely used in boilers, superheaters, heat exchangers, and process piping. Manufactured to ASME SA-106/SA-106M specification, it is produced by hot-rolling or cold-drawing and can be supplied in annealed, normalized, or as-rolled condition. The material offers a minimum tensile strength of 485 MPa (70 ksi) and a minimum yield strength of 275 MPa (40 ksi), combined with good weldability and toughness. Its chemical composition features controlled carbon (<0.35%) and manganese (0.29–1.06%) contents for enhanced strength and ductility. Grade C is the highest strength grade in the A106 family, suitable for critical applications where elevated temperature mechanical properties are required. Typical applications include power plants, petrochemical facilities, and industrial boiler systems.
ASME SA-106 Grade C Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe Chemical Composition
Typical chemical composition as per ASME SA-106/SA-106M requirements. Elements not listed may be present as residuals but are not specified. For elements with a minimum requirement, the range is given.
| Element | Standard Value (%) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.35 max | Carbon |
| Mn | 0.29 – 1.06 | Manganese |
| P | 0.035 max | Phosphorus |
| S | 0.035 max | Sulfur |
| Si | 0.10 min | Silicon (no maximum specified) |
| Cr | 0.40 max | Chromium |
| Cu | 0.40 max | Copper |
| Mo | 0.15 max | Molybdenum |
| Ni | 0.40 max | Nickel |
| V | 0.08 max | Vanadium |
ASME SA-106 Grade C Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
Representative physical properties for ASME SA106 Grade C type steel at ambient temperature unless otherwise noted. Actual values may vary slightly depending on manufacturing process and exact composition.
| Property | Typical Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.85 | g/cm³ | 20 °C |
| Elastic Modulus (E) | 200 | GPa | Room temperature |
| Shear Modulus (G) | 80 | GPa | Room temperature |
| Poisson's Ratio (ν) | 0.3 | – | Room temperature |
| Thermal Expansion (α) | 11.5 | 10⁻⁶/°C | 20–100 °C |
| Thermal Expansion (α) | 12.5 | 10⁻⁶/°C | 20–300 °C |
| Thermal Conductivity (λ) | 51.9 | W/(m·K) | 20 °C |
| Thermal Conductivity (λ) | 46.0 | W/(m·K) | 200 °C |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 486 | J/(kg·K) | 20 °C |
| Electrical Resistivity (ρe) | 0.15 | 10⁻⁶ Ω·m | 20 °C |
ASME SA-106 Grade C Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe Mechanical Properties
Tensile properties at room temperature and bend test requirements in accordance with ASME SA-106/SA-106M. Impact tests are not mandatory but can be added as supplementary requirement. Elongation is determined on a longitudinal strip specimen with a gauge length of 50 mm (2 in.) for wall thicknesses ≥7.9 mm; for thinner walls, the minimum elongation is adjusted per the standard formula. Bend test applies to pipes with outside diameter ≤2 in. (50.8 mm) if cold bending is specified; Grade C requires a mandrel diameter of 3 times the wall thickness.
| Property | Typical Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | 485 min | MPa | Room temperature, longitudinal |
| Yield Strength (ReH) | 275 min | MPa | 0.5% offset, room temperature, longitudinal |
| Elongation (A) | 30 min | % | 2 in. (50 mm) gauge, longitudinal, wall ≥ 7.9 mm |
| Elongation (A) | 16.5 min | % | 2 in. (50 mm) gauge, transverse, wall ≥ 7.9 mm |
| Bend Test (Cold) | 180° | deg | Mandrel diameter = 3 x wall thickness, OD ≤ 2 in. |
| Hardness (Brinell) | 137 – 197 | HB | Typical range (not mandatory) |
ASME SA-106 Grade C Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe Exact Equivalent Standards & Replaceable Grades
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| USA | ASTM A106/A106M | Grade C | Identical chemical and mechanical requirements; seamless pipe for high-temperature service |
| International | ISO 2604-2 | TS 9 | Strength class equivalent with tensile strength ≥490 MPa, yield ≥275 MPa; for seamless steel tubes |
ASME SA-106 Grade C Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe Application Introduction
ASME SA106 Grade C is primarily intended for high-temperature service in pressure-containing systems. Its balanced strength and ductility make it suitable for both power and process industries. The material can be easily formed, bent, and welded using standard procedures. Typical forming operations include hot and cold bending, swaging, and flaring. Welding processes such as SMAW, GTAW, and SAW are applicable with low-hydrogen procedures. Post-weld heat treatment may be required per service conditions.
Product Applications: Boiler waterwall tubes, Superheater and reheater tubes, Steam outlet headers, High-pressure steam lines, Heat exchanger U-tubes, Process piping in elevated temperature service, Economizer tube bundles
Processed into products: Pipe bends and elbows (hot formed), Forged flanges and welded tees, Couplings and nipples for high-temperature threaded connections, Boiler drum feedwater inlet connections, Steam trap bodies, Bleeder or drain lines on high-temperature systems
Application industries: Power generation (fossil fuel, nuclear secondary side), Petrochemical refineries, Chemical processing plants, Paper and pulp mills, Marine vessel piping, Industrial boiler manufacturing
ASME SA-106 Grade C Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe Similar / Alternative Material Grades for Substitution
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| USA | ASTM A106/A106M | Grade B | Lower strength grade (min tensile 415 MPa, yield 240 MPa) commonly used for moderate temperature/pressure |
| USA | ASTM A53/A53M | Type S, Grade B | Seamless pipe similar to A106 Grade B, but with different manufacturing and testing requirements |
| Europe | EN 10216-2 | P265GH | High-temperature seamless carbon steel tube with min yield 265 MPa, close to A106 Gr C mechanicals but with slightly different composition |
| China | GB 5310 | 20G | Seamless carbon steel tubes for high-pressure boiler; similar strength range but with higher manganese limits |
Notes:
Supplementary Requirements: ASME SA106 allows optional supplementary tests when specified in the purchase order (e.g., S2. Product Analysis, S4. Flattening Test, S5. Charpy V-Notch Impact Test, S6. Hardness Test). Hydrostatic Test: Each pipe shall be tested at a pressure that creates a hoop stress equal to 60% of the specified minimum yield strength. Nondestructive Examination: Eddy current or ultrasonic testing may be performed if required. Weldability: Excellent, but preheating and post-weld heat treatment may be necessary depending on section thickness and service conditions.
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