12Cr13 (1Cr13) Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil per GB/T 4237
12Cr13 (1Cr13) Martensitic Stainless Steel: High Strength, Corrosion Resistance & Formability
Explore 12Cr13 (1Cr13) martensitic stainless steel plate/coil per GB/T 4237. Get chemical composition, mechanical properties, thermal & electrical data, global equivalents, and application insights.
Hot rolling, cold rolling (subsequent standard), annealing, hardening and tempering, welding (with preheat/post-weld heat treatment)
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12Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil per GB/T 4237 Introduction
12Cr13 (former 1Cr13) is a martensitic chromium stainless steel standardized in GB/T 4237 for hot-rolled plates and coils. It offers a balanced combination of moderate corrosion resistance, high strength after heat treatment, and good mechanical properties in the annealed condition. The steel is readily formed and welded under controlled practices.
- Typical composition: Fe balance, Cr 11.5–13.5%, C 0.08–0.15%.
- Annealed condition delivers Rp0.2 ≥ 205 MPa, Rm ≥ 450 MPa, and elongation ≥ 20%.
- Excellent hardenability by quenching and tempering to achieve higher strength levels.
- Physical properties: density ~7.75 g/cm³, thermal expansion ~11.0×10⁻⁶/K (20–100 °C).
The grade is widely applied in cutlery, turbine blades, valve parts, and structural components requiring mild corrosion resistance and high mechanical performance.
12Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil per GB/T 4237 Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of 12Cr13 conforms to GB/T 20878 and is referenced in GB/T 4237. All required elements are listed below. Iron makes the balance. Residual elements are controlled within normal limits.
| Element | Standard Value | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| C (Carbon) | 0.08–0.15 | Key hardening element |
| Si (Silicon) | ≤ 1.00 | Deoxidizer |
| Mn (Manganese) | ≤ 1.00 | Improves hot workability |
| P (Phosphorus) | ≤ 0.040 | Impurity, kept low |
| S (Sulfur) | ≤ 0.030 | Impurity, kept low |
| Cr (Chromium) | 11.50–13.50 | Primary corrosion resistance element |
| Ni (Nickel) | ≤ 0.60 | Residual; not intentionally added |
12Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil per GB/T 4237 Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
The following physical properties are typical for 12Cr13 martensitic stainless steel in the annealed condition. Values are derived from standardized data and engineering handbooks. They provide guidance for thermal and electrical design. Moduli and expansion are dependent on temperature.
| Property | Typical Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.75 | g/cm³ | 20 °C |
| Elastic Modulus (E) | 200 | GPa | 20 °C |
| Shear Modulus (G) | 77 | GPa | 20 °C |
| Poisson's Ratio (ν) | 0.30 | — | 20 °C |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (α) | 11.0 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20–100 °C |
| Thermal Conductivity (λ) | 25.0 | W/(m·K) | 100 °C |
| Specific Heat Capacity (c) | 460 | J/(kg·K) | 20 °C |
| Electrical Resistivity (ρ_e) | 0.55 | 10⁻⁶ Ω·m (or 55 μΩ·cm) | 20 °C |
12Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil per GB/T 4237 Mechanical Properties
The following mechanical properties apply to 12Cr13 hot-rolled plates and coils in the annealed condition as per GB/T 4237. Formability is evaluated by bending test. Hardness is typically measured on annealed material. Higher strength can be achieved by quenching and tempering; those values are not covered by the annealed delivery condition.
| Property | Required Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength (Rp0.2) | ≥ 205 | MPa | Annealed, room temperature |
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | ≥ 450 | MPa | Annealed, room temperature |
| Elongation (A) | ≥ 20 | % | Annealed, gauge length 50 mm (or proportional) |
| Brinell Hardness (HBW) | ≤ 200 | — | Annealed |
| Bend Test (Bend Angle / Mandrel Diameter) | 180°, d = 2a (a = specimen thickness) | — | Annealed, no cracks |
12Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil per GB/T 4237 Completely Equivalent Material Standards and Replaceable Grades
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | GB/T 4237 | 12Cr13 (1Cr13) | Hot-rolled plate/coil; original grade is 1Cr13 |
| China | GB/T 20878 | S40310 | Unified digital code |
| USA | ASTM A240/A240M | 410 (UNS S41000) | Chromium stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip |
| Japan | JIS G4304 | SUS410 | Hot-rolled stainless steel plate, sheet and strip |
| EU | EN 10088-2 | X12Cr13 (1.4006) | Stainless steel – sheet/plate |
| Germany | DIN 17440 | X12Cr13 (1.4006) | Technical delivery conditions |
| UK | BS 970 Part 1 | 410S21 | Martensitic stainless steel |
| France | NF A35-574 | Z12C13 | Martensitic stainless steels |
| Russia | GOST 5632 | 12Ch13 | Corrosion-resistant and heat-resisting steels |
| International | ISO 15510 | X12Cr13 | Stainless steels – chemical composition |
12Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil per GB/T 4237 Application Introduction
12Cr13 is a versatile martensitic stainless steel that can be heat treated to a wide range of mechanical properties. It is selected when moderate corrosion resistance combined with high strength and hardness is required. It is magnetic in all conditions. The steel is suitable for environments such as freshwater, steam, mild acids at low temperatures, and atmospheric exposure.
Product Applications: Steam turbine blades, Valve seats and stems, Kitchen knives and flatware, Surgical scalpels and forceps, Bolts, nuts, and studs, Pump impellers and wear rings, Decorative architectural panels
Processed into products: Machined shafts and spindles, Bending of brackets and clamps, Stamped cutlery blanks, Forged valve bodies, Welded frames and supports (with post-weld heat treatment), Deep-drawn housings (in annealed condition)
Application industries: Power generation (turbine blades, steam valves), Petrochemical (pump shafts, body parts), Cutlery and kitchenware, Medical and surgical instruments, Automotive (exhaust components, trim), General engineering (fasteners, shafts, springs)
12Cr13 Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil per GB/T 4237 Similar / Substitute Material Recommendations
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | GB/T 4237 | 06Cr13 (0Cr13) | Lower carbon, improved weldability, slightly lower strength; AISI 410S equivalent |
| China | GB/T 4237 | 20Cr13 (2Cr13) | Higher carbon, higher hardness after heat treatment; AISI 420 equivalent |
| USA | ASTM A240 | 410S (S41008) | Low-carbon variant, better corrosion resistance in welded condition |
| EU | EN 10088-2 | X12CrS13 (1.4005) | Contains sulfur for improved machinability |
| Global | Various | 420J1 (SUS420J1) | Higher carbon martensitic stainless, for higher hardness in cutlery and tools |
Notes:
- Heat treatment: Anneal at 800–900 °C slow cool or 750 °C fast cool. Hardening by quenching from 950–1050 °C in oil or air, followed by tempering at 200–750 °C to achieve desired mechanical properties.
- Welding: Preheat at 200–300 °C, use matching filler metal (e.g., ER410), post-weld heat treatment at 650–750 °C to restore ductility.
- Cold forming: Best performed in the annealed condition due to its martensitic nature; intermediate annealing may be required for severe deformation.
- Magnetic properties: Ferromagnetic in all conditions.
- For thicknesses outside the standard scope, consult the manufacturer for adjusted properties.
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