06Cr18Ni11Ti Stainless Steel Plate/Coil
06Cr18Ni11Ti Stainless Steel Plate/Coil | GB/T 4237 Austenitic Grade 321
Complete material properties of 06Cr18Ni11Ti (UNS S32100 type) austenitic stainless steel plate/coil under GB/T 4237, including chemical composition, mechanical and physical data, international equivalents, and application guide.
Hot rolling, cold rolling, welding, machining, stamping, deep drawing, bending
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06Cr18Ni11Ti Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Introduction
06Cr18Ni11Ti is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel plate/coil specified in GB/T 4237, with unified digital code S32168. It corresponds to the internationally recognized Type 321. The addition of titanium prevents intergranular corrosion after heating within the carbide precipitation range of 425–850°C, making it suitable for welded components that cannot be post-weld annealed. Key features:
- Excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion
- Good high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance up to about 800°C
- Better creep and stress rupture properties than 304/304L
- Non-magnetic in the annealed condition, slightly magnetic when cold worked
- Excellent weldability by all common fusion and resistance methods
- Typical applications: chemical processing equipment, heat exchangers, expansion joints, aircraft exhaust stacks, and pressure vessels
06Cr18Ni11Ti Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of 06Cr18Ni11Ti stainless steel plate/coil according to GB/T 4237, which refers to the grade S32168 in GB/T 20878. The steel is stabilized by titanium to prevent chromium carbide precipitation. Key points:
- Titanium content is controlled to at least five times the carbon plus nitrogen content, ensuring effective stabilization.
- Low carbon content minimizes susceptibility to sensitization.
- Strict limits on phosphorus and sulfur guarantee good hot working properties and weldability.
| Element | Standard Value (wt%) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.08 | Maximum |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 1.00 | Maximum |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 2.00 | Maximum |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.045 | Maximum |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.030 | Maximum |
| Chromium (Cr) | 17.00 – 19.00 | Key for corrosion resistance |
| Nickel (Ni) | 9.00 – 12.00 | Austenite stabilizer |
| Titanium (Ti) | ≥ 5×(C+N) ≤ 0.70 | Stabilization requirement |
06Cr18Ni11Ti Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
Typical physical properties of 06Cr18Ni11Ti (321 type) austenitic stainless steel. Actual values may vary slightly with processing and heat treatment condition. Data relevance:
- Density is used for weight calculations.
- Thermal expansion and conductivity are critical for design in thermal cycling and heat transfer applications.
- Electrical resistivity aids in electric heating element design considerations.
| Property | Typical Value | Unit | Test Condition / Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.93 | g/cm³ | At 20°C |
| Elastic Modulus (E) | 193 | GPa | At 20°C, tension |
| Shear Modulus (G) | 77 | GPa | Approximate from E and ν |
| Poisson's Ratio (ν) | 0.30 | — | At 20°C |
| Mean coefficient of thermal expansion (α) | 16.6 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20 – 100°C |
| Mean coefficient of thermal expansion (α) | 17.2 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20 – 300°C |
| Mean coefficient of thermal expansion (α) | 17.8 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20 – 500°C |
| Thermal conductivity (λ) | 16.3 | W/(m·K) | At 100°C |
| Thermal conductivity (λ) | 18.4 | W/(m·K) | At 300°C |
| Thermal conductivity (λ) | 21.6 | W/(m·K) | At 500°C |
| Specific heat capacity (cp) | 500 | J/(kg·K) | At 20°C |
| Electrical resistivity (ρe) | 0.72 | μΩ·m | At 20°C |
06Cr18Ni11Ti Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Mechanical Properties
Mechanical properties of 06Cr18Ni11Ti plates and coils as specified in GB/T 4237 for solution-annealed condition. The values are for room temperature unless otherwise noted. Important notes:
- For thickness ≤ 3 mm, elongation is tested on gauge length 50 mm (A50). For thickness > 3 mm, the gauge length is 50 mm or proportionally 5.65√S0.
- Hardness values are informative and may be agreed upon between supplier and purchaser.
- No impact test is required by the standard for austenitic grades.
| Property | Standard Requirement | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength (Rp0.2) | ≥ 205 | MPa | Room temperature, transverse specimen |
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | ≥ 520 | MPa | Room temperature, transverse specimen |
| Elongation after fracture (A) | ≥ 40 | % | L0 = 50 mm, thickness ≤ 3 mm |
| Elongation after fracture (A) | ≥ 40 | % | L0 = 5.65√S0, thickness > 3 mm |
| Bend Test (D = bend diameter, a = specimen thickness) | D = 2a, no cracks | — | 180° bend, as agreed |
| Hardness (HBW) | ≤ 187 | — | For reference, not mandatory |
| Hardness (HRB) | ≤ 90 | — | For reference, not mandatory |
06Cr18Ni11Ti Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Completely Equivalent Material Standards and Substitute Grades
| Country/Region | Standard | Designation/Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | GB/T 4237; GB/T 20878 | 06Cr18Ni11Ti (S32168) | Original specification |
| International | ISO 15510 | X6CrNiTi18-10 | Chemically identical, same stabilization concept |
| USA | ASTM A240/A240M | 321 (UNS S32100) | Directly equivalent, widely used |
| EU | EN 10088-2 | 1.4541 (X6CrNiTi18-10) | Equivalent in European pressure vessel and general use |
| Japan | JIS G4304 | SUS321 | Equivalent Japanese industrial standard |
| Russia | GOST 5632 | 08Х18Н10Т (08Ch18N10T) | Russian analog, similar titanium stabilization |
| Germany (old DIN) | DIN 17440 (withdrawn) | X6CrNiTi18-10 (1.4541) | Historical but identical |
06Cr18Ni11Ti Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Application Introduction
06Cr18Ni11Ti (321) stainless steel is specifically designed for applications requiring resistance to intergranular corrosion after exposure to temperatures in the chromium carbide precipitation range (425–850°C). It is ideal for welded equipment that cannot be annealed and for service temperatures up to about 800°C. Typical usage environments:
- Aqueous solutions where 304 would suffer from weld decay
- High-temperature steam and flue gas atmospheres
- Chemical media containing nitric acid, organic acids, and many salt solutions
Product Applications: Hot rolled and cold rolled plates, sheets, and coils, Welded and seamless tubes/pipes, Pressure vessels and storage tanks, Expansion bellows and flexible hose, Heat exchanger tube sheets and baffle plates, Flanges, fittings, and fasteners, Furnace conveyors and quenching fixtures
Processed into products: Tube sheets for shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Welded pipe spools and manifolds for chemical plants, Turbine exhaust casings and jet engine exhaust cones, Catalytic converter shells, Superheater and reheater tube supports in boilers, Sight glass frames and gasketed joints in high-temperature service, Stamped and deep-drawn parts such as sinks, panels, and covers for corrosive environments, Fasteners (bolts, studs) for high-temperature corrosion service
Application industries: Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment (reactors, columns, heat exchangers, piping), Power generation (boiler superheaters, reheater tubing, expansion joints, turbine parts), Aerospace (exhaust ducts, collector rings, afterburner components), Food and beverage processing (tanks, piping, heat exchangers where acids and high cleaning temperatures require resistance), Pharmaceutical and sanitary systems, Automotive (exhaust systems, catalytic converter shells), Furnace and thermal processing (muffles, radiant tubes, conveyor belts)
06Cr18Ni11Ti Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Similar / Comparable Substitute Materials Recommendation
| Country/Region | Standard | Designation/Grade | Remarks and Differences |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | GB/T 4237 | 06Cr19Ni10 (S30408) | 304 type, non-stabilized; lower resistance to intergranular corrosion after welding or slow cooling. Suitable only where post-weld annealing is possible. |
| China | GB/T 4237 | 022Cr19Ni10 (S30403) | 304L type, extra-low carbon; better as-welded corrosion resistance than 304, but lower high-temperature strength than 321. |
| China | GB/T 4237 | 07Cr19Ni11Ti (S32169) | 321H type, higher carbon (0.04–0.10) for improved high-temperature strength; similar corrosion resistance but slightly higher susceptibility to sensitization if not proper heat treated. |
| USA | ASTM A240 | 347 (UNS S34700) | Niobium-stabilized variant of 304; prevents intergranular corrosion; comparable to 321 but uses niobium instead of titanium; better weldability in some cases; commonly used when titanium is undesirable. |
| EU | EN 10088-2 | 1.4878 (X8CrNiTi18-10) | Higher carbon version of 1.4541 for elevated temperature service; similar to 321H but with slightly different composition limits. |
| China | GB/T 4237 | 06Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti (S31668) | Molybdenum-bearing titanium-stabilized grade for enhanced pitting corrosion resistance; more expensive; used in more aggressive environments than 321. |
Notes:
Heat treatment: Solution annealing at 1010–1120°C followed by rapid cooling (water or air). The material should not be used for prolonged service at temperatures where sigma phase formation is possible (typically 550–850°C long-term). Welding: No preheating is required; post-weld heat treatment is generally not necessary for intergranular corrosion resistance due to titanium stabilization. Use matching filler metal (ER321 or E347 to avoid titanium loss). Workability: Cold working causes a slight increase in magnetic permeability. Machinability is moderate; the material work hardens, requiring rigid tooling and positive feeds.
All data provided are based on the referenced standards and typical published values. For critical applications, verify specific mill certificates.
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