JIS G4305 SUS316L Austenitic Stainless Steel
SUS316L Stainless Steel (JIS G4305) - Ultra-Low Carbon Austenitic Alloy for Superior Corrosion Resistance
Detailed material data for SUS316L stainless steel according to JIS G4305 standard, covering chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties, international equivalents, and typical applications.
Welding (TIG, MIG, resistance), bending, deep drawing, machining (with work hardening awareness), polishing
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JIS G4305 SUS316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Introduction
SUS316L is an ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel specified in JIS G4305 for cold-rolled stainless steel plates, sheets, and strips. By reducing carbon content to ≤0.030%, it offers excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion after welding or stress relieving, eliminating the need for post-weld heat treatment in most applications. Molybdenum addition (2.00–3.00%) enhances pitting and crevice corrosion resistance in chloride environments, making it superior to SUS304L. The alloy combines high ductility, good mechanical strength, and outstanding weldability, with a fully austenitic microstructure in the solution-annealed condition. It maintains toughness at cryogenic temperatures and is non-magnetic when annealed, though slight magnetism may appear after cold working.
Typical delivery condition is solution annealed, ensuring optimum corrosion resistance and formability. Used extensively in chemical processing, food and beverage, pharmaceutical, marine, and architectural applications where hygiene and durability are critical.
JIS G4305 SUS316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of SUS316L as specified in JIS G4305. Tight control of carbon ensures resistance to sensitization and intergranular attack. Nickel and chromium contents provide stable austenitic structure, while molybdenum improves pitting resistance. Phosphorus and sulfur are kept at low levels to maintain hot workability and ductility.
| Element | Standard Value (%) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | ≤0.030 | Ultra-low carbon for improved weld decay resistance |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤1.00 | Deoxidizer, enhances oxidation resistance |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤2.00 | Austenite stabilizer, improves hot workability |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.045 | Controlled for toughness |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤0.030 | Machinability balancing, kept low for corrosion |
| Nickel (Ni) | 12.00–15.00 | Essential for austenitic structure and corrosion resistance |
| Chromium (Cr) | 16.00–18.00 | Primary element for passivity and general corrosion resistance |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 2.00–3.00 | Key addition for pitting and crevice corrosion resistance |
JIS G4305 SUS316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
Representative physical properties for austenitic stainless steel grade SUS316L. Data derived from published literature conforming to the composition of SUS316L/1.4404. Thermal expansion and thermal conductivity values are given for elevated temperatures. These properties assist in design calculations for thermal processing and structural applications.
| Property | Typical Value | Unit | Test Condition / Temperature |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.98 | g/cm³ | 20°C |
| Elastic Modulus (E) | 193 | GPa | 20°C |
| Shear Modulus (G) | 74 | GPa | 20°C |
| Poisson's Ratio (ν) | 0.30 | — | 20°C |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (α) | 16.0 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20–100°C |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (α) | 16.5 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20–300°C |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (α) | 17.5 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20–500°C |
| Thermal Conductivity (λ) | 16.3 | W/m·K | 100°C |
| Thermal Conductivity (λ) | 21.5 | W/m·K | 500°C |
| Specific Heat Capacity (cp) | 500 | J/kg·K | 20°C |
| Electrical Resistivity (ρe) | 0.74 | µΩ·m | 20°C |
JIS G4305 SUS316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Mechanical Properties
Mechanical properties required by JIS G4305 for cold-rolled SUS316L plate/sheet in solution-annealed condition. Values apply to thickness ≤30 mm (unless noted). Tensile testing per JIS Z2241, hardness per JIS Z2244/2245. The low yield strength combined with high elongation indicates excellent formability. Bending test ensures ductility adequacy for fabrication.
| Property | Standard Requirement | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | ≥480 | MPa | Room temperature, JIS Z2241 |
| Yield Strength (ReH, 0.2% offset) | ≥175 | MPa | Room temperature, JIS Z2241 |
| Elongation (A) | ≥40 | % | Gauge length 50 mm, thickness ≥1.5 mm |
| Elongation (A) | ≥35 (typical minimum) | % | Thickness <1.5 mm (proportional test piece) |
| Hardness (HBW) | ≤187 | HB | JIS Z2244, 10 mm ball, 3000 kgf |
| Hardness (HRB) | ≤90 | HRB | JIS Z2245, Rockwell B scale |
| Hardness (HV) | ≤200 | HV | JIS Z2245, Vickers hardness (typical) |
| Bending Test | No cracks, bend angle 180° | — | Bend diameter = 2 × thickness, for material ≤30 mm |
JIS G4305 SUS316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Exact Equivalent Material Standards and Substitutable Grades
| Country/Region | Standard | Designation | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Japan | JIS G4305 / G3459 | SUS316L | Original specification; plate/pipe |
| USA | ASTM A240/A312 | UNS S31603 / 316L | Identical chemical requirements |
| Europe | EN 10088-2/-3 | 1.4404 – X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | Same composition range |
| China | GB/T 3280/14976 | 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 (S31603) | Equivalent to SUS316L |
| International | ISO 15510 | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | Harmonized with EN |
JIS G4305 SUS316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Application Introduction
SUS316L's ultra-low carbon and molybdenum content make it the material of choice for welded structures exposed to corrosive environments without the possibility of post-weld heat treatment. It solves the problem of weld decay in heavy sections and offers reliable performance in chloride-containing media. The alloy can be deep drawn, spun, and cold formed into complex shapes due to excellent ductility. It is readily welded by all common processes, and the low carbon eliminates the need for stabilizers (Ti or Nb) as required in 321/347. Typical applications span chemical plants, offshore platforms, and sterile equipment.
Product Applications: Welded and seamless pipes for corrosive fluids, Storage tanks and pressure vessels, Shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Sanitary tubing and fittings (as per 3-A standards), Flanges, elbows, tees and reducers
Processed into products: Pipe fittings and connectors for chemical pipelines, Impellers and casings for pumps handling chemicals, Valve bodies and internals for corrosive service, Brewery and dairy processing equipment (fermenters, pasteurizers), Architectural panels and street furniture elements
Application industries: Chemical and petrochemical processing, Food and beverage production equipment, Pharmaceutical and biotechnology plants, Marine and offshore engineering, Pulp and paper industry, Architectural and construction (high-end cladding, handrails)
JIS G4305 SUS316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Similar/Alternative Material Recommendations
| Country/Region | Standard | Designation | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Japan | JIS G4305 | SUS316 | Higher carbon (≤0.08); less resistant to intergranular corrosion after welding; still widely used where post-weld heat treatment is applied |
| Europe | EN 10088 | 1.4401 – X5CrNiMo17-12-2 | 316 equivalent; carbon ≤0.07; suitable for non-welded parts or with solution annealing |
| USA | ASTM A240 | UNS S31600 / 316 | Same as above; tensile/yield slightly higher but intergranular sensitivity increased |
| Japan | JIS G4305 | SUS317L | Higher Mo (3.00–4.00) and Ni; superior pitting resistance in severe Cl¯ environments, but more costly |
Notes:
- Intergranular corrosion resistance: SUS316L passes intergranular corrosion tests (e.g., ASTM A262 Practice E) in the as-welded condition, unlike standard SUS316.
- Magnetic properties: In solution-annealed condition, permeability is typically below 1.02 (practically non-magnetic). Slight magnetism may develop after severe cold working.
- Cold working: Work hardening rate is lower than that of 301 or 304; it can be cold drawn with high reduction, but intermediate annealing may be required.
- Pickling and passivation: After welding, chemical pickling and passivation are recommended to restore maximum corrosion resistance.
- The data provided aligns with JIS G4305:2021 revision; for pipe applications refer to JIS G3459 for dimensional tolerances while the material requirements are identical.
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