GB/T 3094 10# Cold Drawn Square & Rectangular Hollow Section Steel Tube
GB/T 3094 10# Cold Drawn Square & Rectangular Hollow Section Steel Tube
Detailed material data and properties of 10# structural carbon steel in cold drawn square and rectangular hollow sections according to GB/T 3094. Includes chemical composition, mechanical properties, physical properties, international equivalents, similar grades, and application guidance.
Cold drawing, cold rolling, bending, welding, machining, stress-relief annealing
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GB/T 3094 10# Cold Drawn Square & Rectangular Hollow Section Steel Tube Introduction
Grade 10# under GB/T 3094 is a quality carbon structural steel used for cold drawn square hollow sections (SHS) and rectangular hollow sections (RSH). It is characterized by low carbon content, good plasticity, toughness, and excellent weldability. This grade is commonly delivered in the cold drawn or cold drawn stress-relieved condition, offering smooth surface finish and tight dimensional tolerances. Key features include good cold formability, moderate strength, and reliable ductility, making it suitable for structural and mechanical tubing applications where bending, flaring, and welding are required. The material is comparable to AISI 1010 and S10C grades.Typical uses include
- building and construction frames
- automotive structural components
- general mechanical tubing
- furniture
- agricultural equipment
GB/T 3094 10# Cold Drawn Square & Rectangular Hollow Section Steel Tube Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of 10# steel is governed by GB/T 699-2015 Quality carbon structural steels. The low carbon content ensures good ductility and weldability. Impurity elements like phosphorus and sulfur are strictly controlled to enhance steel cleanliness and toughness. The table lists all specified elements with their permissible ranges or maximum limits.
| Element | Standard Value | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.07–0.13 % | Key for strength and hardness |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.17–0.37 % | Deoxidizer, contributes to strength |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.35–0.65 % | Improves hardenability and strength |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.035 % | Impurity; lower is better for toughness |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.035 % | Impurity; lower is better for machinability |
| Chromium (Cr) | ≤ 0.15 % | Residual element |
| Nickel (Ni) | ≤ 0.30 % | Residual element |
| Copper (Cu) | ≤ 0.25 % | Residual element |
GB/T 3094 10# Cold Drawn Square & Rectangular Hollow Section Steel Tube Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
Physical properties are based on generic data for low-carbon steel and verified against typical values for 10# grade. These properties are essential for thermal and structural calculations. Values are valid at room temperature unless otherwise specified. The thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity are referenced from typical handbook data for similar carbon steels.
| Property | Typical Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.85 | g/cm³ | 20 °C |
| Modulus of elasticity (E) | 206 | GPa | 20 °C, static |
| Shear modulus (G) | 79.4 | GPa | 20 °C, calculated from E and ν |
| Poisson's ratio (ν) | 0.30 | – | 20 °C, elastic range |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (α) | 11.5 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20–100 °C |
| Specific heat capacity | 0.46 | J/(g·K) | 20 °C |
| Thermal conductivity (λ) | 53 | W/(m·K) | 20 °C |
| Electrical resistivity (ρ_e) | 0.13 | μΩ·m | 20 °C |
GB/T 3094 10# Cold Drawn Square & Rectangular Hollow Section Steel Tube Mechanical Properties
Mechanical properties for 10# cold drawn hollow sections are taken from GB/T 3094-2012, Table 3. Values apply to the as-delivered condition (cold drawn or stress-relieved). The material exhibits a good balance of strength and ductility, with a minimum yield strength of 205 MPa and elongation not less than 24%. Bend test: for hollow sections the bend test is replaced by flattening or drift expanding tests per relevant delivery standards; the table provides the specified bending parameter if applicable. Impact test is not mandatory for this grade in this standard.
| Property | Required Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength (Rm) | ≥ 335 | MPa | Room temperature, longitudinal specimen |
| Yield strength (ReH) | ≥ 205 | MPa | Upper yield or 0.2% proof stress |
| Elongation after fracture (A) | ≥ 24 | % | Gauge length 5.65√S₀ (proportional test piece) |
| Bend test (mandrel diameter) | d = 0.5a | – | 180° bend; a = wall thickness |
GB/T 3094 10# Cold Drawn Square & Rectangular Hollow Section Steel Tube Completely Equivalent Material Standards and Substitutable Grades
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | GB/T 699 | 10 | Base raw material for GB/T 3094 tube |
| China | GB/T 3094 | 10# SHS/RSH | Direct standard for cold drawn hollow section |
| USA | ASTM A513/A513M | 1010 (Type 1, Type 2) | For electric-resistance-welded carbon steel mechanical tubing |
| USA | ASTM A500/A500M | Grade A (C ≤ 0.26%) | Cold-formed welded structural tubing; nearest grade |
| Japan | JIS G3466 (STKR400) | STKR400 | Carbon steel square and rectangular tubes for general structure |
| Japan | JIS G4051 | S10C | Carbon steels for machine structural use |
| EU | EN 10305-1 | C10E (1.1121) | Cold drawn seamless steel tubes for precision applications |
| Germany | DIN 2391-1 | St35 (C10) | Seamless precision steel tubes, replaced by EN 10305 |
| International | ISO 630 Fe360B | Fe360B | Structural steel; closest equivalent for hollow sections |
GB/T 3094 10# Cold Drawn Square & Rectangular Hollow Section Steel Tube Application Introduction
10# steel in the form of cold drawn SHS/RSH is ideal for applications demanding good weldability, ease of forming, and tight dimensional tolerances. Its low carbon content promotes severe bending, flattening, and end forming without cracking. The material is not typically heat treated for strength but can be case hardened for wear resistance. It is widely adopted across multiple industries due to its excellent cost-performance ratio.
Product Applications: Square and rectangular hollow section tubes (SHS, RHS/RSH), Structural frames and tubular assemblies, Precision mechanical tubing for machining, Cold drawn special shapes (elliptical, oval, hexagonal tubes), Chairs, tables, and shelving components
Processed into products: Window and door frames for vehicles, Bicycle and motorcycle frames, Automotive roll bars and reinforcement tubes, Handrails and guardrails, Hydraulic cylinder tubes (non-high pressure), Conveyor belt idler shafts and tubes
Application industries: Building and construction (steel frames, trusses, scaffolding), Automotive (exhaust components, seat frames, mounting brackets), Furniture manufacturing (frames, support structures), Agricultural and garden machinery (handles, frames), General mechanical engineering (bearing housings, spacers, conveyor rollers), Display and shopfitting (modular stands, shelving)
GB/T 3094 10# Cold Drawn Square & Rectangular Hollow Section Steel Tube Similar/Alternative Material Recommendations
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | GB/T 699 | 15# | High carbon (0.12–0.18) for slightly higher strength |
| China | GB/T 3094 | 20# | Common alternative in cold drawn hollow sections |
| USA | ASTM A513 | 1020 | Higher strength, widely used mechanical tubing |
| Japan | JIS G3466 | STKR490 | High tensile structural square tube |
| EU | EN 10305-1 | E235 (1.0308) | Similar strength, excellent cold formability, used in hydraulic lines |
| EU | EN 10210-1 | S235JRH | Hot-finished structural hollow sections, welded, comparable yield |
Notes:
When ordering GB/T 3094 10# SHS/RSH pipe, specify desired corner radius (standard sharp corner or rounded), surface condition (mill finish, bright, zinc plated), and whether stress-relief annealing is required. For welded fabrications, preheating is generally not required. The material can be case hardened by carburizing to improve surface wear resistance while maintaining a tough core.Important: The values provided are based on the referenced standards and typical literature. For critical applications, verify with the specific mill test certificate and relevant latest edition of the standard.
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