Austenitic 316 (UNS S31600) Stainless Steel Plate/Coil
Austenitic 316 (UNS S31600) Stainless Steel Plate/Coil - Data Sheet & Global Equivalents
Complete technical data for 316 (S31600) stainless steel plate and coil: precise chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties, international standards, equivalent grades, and application guide.
Hot rolling, Cold rolling, Solution annealing, Pickling/descaled, Cutting, Bending, Welding, Machining, Polishing
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Austenitic 316 Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Introduction
Austenitic 316 (UNS S31600) is a chromium-nickel-molybdenum stainless steel supplied as plate, sheet, and coil in the annealed condition. The molybdenum addition (2.00–3.00%) significantly enhances resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride environments compared to 304, making it a preferred choice for marine, chemical, and food-processing equipment. It maintains excellent toughness at cryogenic temperatures and good oxidation resistance in intermittent service up to 870°C. The alloy is non-magnetic in the annealed state, though slight magnetism may develop after cold working. It can be readily formed, welded, and machined with standard practices. This grade is covered by numerous international standards, including ASTM A240/A240M, ASME SA-240, EN 10088-2 (1.4401), JIS G4304 (SUS316), and GB/T 3280, ensuring global availability and interchangeability. Typical delivery condition is solution annealed and descaled, providing a uniform austenitic microstructure with minimum proof strength of 205 MPa.
Austenitic 316 Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Chemical Composition
Chemical composition limits for 316 (UNS S31600) stainless steel per ASTM A240/A240M. The alloying elements chromium, nickel, and molybdenum are balanced to provide a stable austenitic structure with superior corrosion resistance. Residual elements are tightly controlled to ensure weldability and formability.
| Element | Standard Value (wt.%) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | ≤0.08 | |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤2.00 | |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤1.00 | |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.045 | |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤0.030 | |
| Chromium (Cr) | 16.0–18.0 | |
| Nickel (Ni) | 10.0–14.0 | |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 2.00–3.00 | Key element for pitting resistance |
| Nitrogen (N) | ≤0.10 | |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance | Approximately 62–72% |
Austenitic 316 Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
Typical physical properties of 316 stainless steel in the annealed condition. Values are representative and may vary slightly with product form and exact heat analysis. Thermal conductivity and thermal expansion are given for multiple temperature ranges to support engineering design.
| Property | Typical Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 8.0 | g/cm³ | 20°C |
| Elastic Modulus (E) | 193 | GPa | 20°C |
| Shear Modulus (G) | 77 | GPa | 20°C |
| Poisson's Ratio (ν) | 0.29 | — | 20°C |
| Thermal Expansion (α) | 16.0 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20–100°C |
| Thermal Expansion (α) | 17.0 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20–300°C |
| Thermal Expansion (α) | 17.5 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20–500°C |
| Thermal Conductivity (λ) | 16.2 | W/(m·K) | 100°C |
| Thermal Conductivity (λ) | 21.5 | W/(m·K) | 500°C |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 500 | J/(kg·K) | 0–100°C |
| Electrical Resistivity (ρe) | 0.74 | ×10⁻⁶ Ω·m | 20°C |
Austenitic 316 Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Mechanical Properties
Minimum mechanical properties required by ASTM A240/A240M for 316 stainless steel plate, sheet, and coil in the annealed condition at room temperature. The elongation requirement applies to a gauge length of 50 mm (2 in) for thickness up to 200 mm. Hardness values are maximum limits.
| Property | Standard Requirement | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | ≥515 | MPa | Room temperature, annealed |
| Yield Strength (ReH, 0.2% offset) | ≥205 | MPa | Room temperature, annealed |
| Elongation (A) – 50 mm gauge | ≥40 | % | Room temperature, thickness ≤200 mm |
| Brinell Hardness (HBW) | ≤217 | HBW | As annealed |
| Rockwell Hardness (HRB) | ≤95 | HRB | As annealed |
Austenitic 316 Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Completely Equivalent Grades and Standards
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| USA | ASTM A240/A240M | 316 (UNS S31600) | Plate, sheet, and coil; ASME SA-240 identical |
| European Union | EN 10088-2 | 1.4401 / X5CrNiMo17-12-2 | Equivalent chemical and mechanical properties |
| Japan | JIS G4304 | SUS316 | Hot-rolled plate; also SUS316-CSP for coil/spring |
| China | GB/T 3280 | S31608 (06Cr17Ni12Mo2) | New designation S31608 replaces old 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 |
| United Kingdom | BS EN 10088-2 | 1.4401 | Adopts European standard |
| International | ISO 15510 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 | Identical to EN grade |
Austenitic 316 Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Application Introduction
316 stainless steel is selected for demanding environments where resistance to chlorides, acids, and saline conditions is essential. It is fully weldable by all common methods (TIG, MIG, SMAW, SAW) with 316L filler metal recommended to avoid sensitization. Cold forming is excellent; machining requires positive feeds and plenty of coolant due to its work-hardening tendency. Typical industries and applications include:
Product Applications: Storage tanks and silos, Pressure vessels and reactors, Heat exchangers and condensers, Piping systems and tubing, Food preparation surfaces and kitchen equipment, Surgical instruments and implants (subject to additional standards), Chemical tankers and cargo handling, Exhaust and fume extraction systems
Processed into products: Valve bodies and pump casings, Flanges, gaskets, and bolting, Tube fittings and couplings, Reactor shells and internals, Condenser tubes and baffles, Sink bowls and countertops, Screw conveyor flights, Fasteners for corrosive atmospheres
Application industries: Chemical & Petrochemical, Marine & Offshore Engineering, Food & Beverage Processing, Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology, Medical Device Manufacturing, Architecture & Construction, Pulp & Paper, Oil & Gas (sour service compatible)
Austenitic 316 Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Similar or Alternative Grades
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| USA | ASTM A240 | 316L (UNS S31603) | Extra-low carbon (≤0.03%) for improved as-welded corrosion resistance; slightly lower strength |
| USA | ASTM A240 | 316H (UNS S31609) | Higher carbon (0.04–0.10%) for enhanced high-temperature strength |
| USA | ASTM A240 | 316Ti (UNS S31635) | Titanium-stabilized version to prevent sensitization; similar corrosion resistance |
| USA | ASTM A240 | 317 (UNS S31700) | Higher molybdenum (3–4%) for superior pitting resistance in aggressive media |
| USA | ASTM A240 | 304 (UNS S30400) | Lower-cost austenitic grade without molybdenum; suitable for mild environments |
Notes:
Typical heat treatment: solution anneal at 1040–1120°C, followed by water quench or rapid air cool. For maximum corrosion resistance, post-welding heat treatment is generally not required, but stress relieving at 400–600°C may be applied if desired. Machinability is moderate (approximately 45% relative to AISI B1112); the use of sulfur-containing free-machining grades (e.g., 316F) should be considered for extensive machining. This alloy is not hardenable by heat treatment. In severe chloride applications above 60°C, stress corrosion cracking can occur; alternatives such as duplex stainless steels may be evaluated.
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