ASTM A500 Grade D SHS/RHS Pipe
ASTM A500 Grade D SHS/RHS Pipe | High-Strength Structural Steel Tubing
Detailed properties, chemical composition, and equivalents for ASTM A500 Grade D square and rectangular hollow sections. Ideal for structural applications requiring 50 ksi yield and enhanced corrosion resistance.
Cold forming, electric resistance welding (ERW), seamless manufacturing, cutting, drilling, welding, hot-dip galvanizing, bending, punching
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ASTM A500 Grade D SHS/RHS Pipe Introduction
ASTM A500 Grade D is a cold-formed, welded or seamless carbon steel structural tubing grade designed for square hollow sections (SHS) and rectangular hollow sections (RHS). It features a minimum yield strength of 50 ksi (345 MPa) and a tensile strength of 62 ksi (427 MPa). The addition of copper (minimum 0.20% when specified) improves atmospheric corrosion resistance, making it suitable for outdoor and mildly aggressive environments. This grade offers an excellent strength-to-weight ratio, good weldability, and typical ductility of 21% elongation in transverse tests. Commonly supplied in as-rolled or cold-formed conditions, ASTM A500 Grade D is widely used in construction, infrastructure, and machinery where robust structural performance is required.
ASTM A500 Grade D SHS/RHS Pipe Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of ASTM A500 Grade D is controlled to provide a balance of high strength, weldability, and formability. Copper is a key addition for enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance when specified. Maximum limits on phosphorus and sulfur ensure good cleanliness and toughness. Other elements are maintained at typical residual levels for carbon steel.
| Chemical Element | Standard Value (wt%) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.26 | Maximum |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 1.35 | Maximum |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.035 | Maximum |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.035 | Maximum |
| Copper (Cu) | ≥ 0.20 | Minimum when copper steel is specified; improves corrosion resistance |
ASTM A500 Grade D SHS/RHS Pipe Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
The following physical properties are typical for carbon steel of similar composition and are not specified in ASTM A500. They are provided for design calculations involving heat transfer, thermal expansion, and electrical applications. Actual values may vary with processing history, temperature, and alloying elements.
| Property | Standard Reference Value | Unit | Test Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.85 | g/cm³ | At 20°C |
| Elastic modulus (E) | 200 | GPa | At 20°C |
| Shear modulus (G) | 77 | GPa | Calculated from E and ν |
| Poisson's ratio (ν) | 0.3 | - | Typical for carbon steel |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (α) | 11.7 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20-100°C |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (α) | 12.2 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20-200°C |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (α) | 12.8 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20-300°C |
| Thermal conductivity (λ) | 51.9 | W/m·K | At 100°C |
| Thermal conductivity (λ) | 51.0 | W/m·K | At 200°C |
| Thermal conductivity (λ) | 47.5 | W/m·K | At 300°C |
| Specific heat capacity (c) | 486 | J/kg·K | At 20°C |
| Electrical resistivity (ρ_e) | 0.142 | µΩ·m | At 20°C |
ASTM A500 Grade D SHS/RHS Pipe Mechanical Properties
Mechanical properties are determined in accordance with ASTM A370 using transverse strip specimens cut from the flat faces of the finished square or rectangular tube. Minimum required values apply unless otherwise stated. Elongation is measured over a 2 in. (50 mm) gauge length. These properties ensure reliable structural performance under static loading.
| Property | Standard Requirement | Unit | Test Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength (ReH) | ≥ 345 (50) | MPa (ksi) | Transverse, 0.2% offset method |
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | ≥ 427 (62) | MPa (ksi) | Transverse |
| Elongation (A) | ≥ 21 | % | Gauge length 50 mm (2 in.), transverse |
ASTM A500 Grade D SHS/RHS Pipe Full Equivalent Material Standards and Replaceable Grades
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| USA | ASTM A500 | Grade D (SHS/RSH) | Direct equivalent; identical specification |
ASTM A500 Grade D SHS/RHS Pipe Application Introduction
ASTM A500 Grade D SHS/RHS pipes provide high strength, good toughness, and enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance thanks to the intentional copper addition. They are commonly used in welded structures, bolted connections, and as basic building blocks for load-bearing frameworks. The flat sides of SHS/RHS make fabrication and joining much simpler compared to round sections.
Product Applications: Multi-story building columns and beams, Pedestrian and road bridge trusses, Lattice towers for power lines and antennas, Tractor and harvester frames, Loader arms and crane booms, Offshore platform support structures, Stadium canopies and large-span roofs
Processed into products: Structural columns and heavy-duty braces, Girder and truss members, Roll-over protective structures (ROPS), Support brackets and base plates, Stairway stringers and handrails, Conveyor galleries and pipe racks, Fencing posts and security barriers
Application industries: Commercial and industrial construction, Bridge engineering, Transmission and communication towers, Agricultural machinery, Material handling and crane manufacturing, Offshore and marine structures (when galvanized or coated), Transportation (trailers, truck frames)
ASTM A500 Grade D SHS/RHS Pipe Similar / Comparable Substitute Materials
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | EN 10219-1 | S355J2H | Slightly higher yield (355 MPa); impact tested (J2); no mandatory Cu, but similar structural performance |
| Japan | JIS G 3466 | STKR490 | Yield range 325-385 MPa; suitable for general structural use; no Cu requirement |
| China | GB/T 6728 | Q345D | Yield 345 MPa; cold-formed hollow section; no mandatory Cu, but strength matches ASTM A500 D |
| International | ISO 630-2 | E355C | Structural steel with 355 MPa yield; can replace A500 D in many applications; no Cu guarantee |
Notes:
For environments requiring improved atmospheric corrosion resistance, the copper-bearing Grade D should be explicitly specified (Cu ≥ 0.20%). Standard welding procedures per AWS D1.1 are applicable; preheat may be needed for thicker sections. These sections can be hot-dip galvanized, painted, or powder coated for additional durability. Sizes and wall thicknesses are per ASTM A500/A500M; consult the standard for dimensional tolerances. When ordering, indicate whether seamless or welded, and whether square or rectangular profile.
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