S235JRH Cold-Formed Welded Hollow Section Steel per EN 10219
S235JRH Cold-Formed Welded Hollow Section Steel per EN 10219 - Properties, Equivalents & Applications
Detailed material data for S235JRH non-alloy structural steel according to EN 10219, including chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties, international equivalents, and application guidance for cold-formed welded hollow sections.
Cold forming, welding, cutting, bending, machining, galvanizing, coating
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S235JRH Cold-Formed Welded Hollow Section Steel per EN 10219 Introduction
S235JRH is a non-alloy structural steel grade specified in EN 10219-1 for cold-formed welded structural hollow sections, including SSAW (spiral submerged arc welded) pipes. The designation S235 indicates a minimum yield strength of 235 MPa, JR guarantees a minimum impact energy of 27 J at 20 °C, and H stands for hollow section. This material offers good weldability, formability, and toughness at ambient temperature, making it suitable for general structural applications, construction, and mechanical engineering. It is typically supplied in the normalized or as-welded condition and can be used for both static and dynamic loaded structures.
S235JRH Cold-Formed Welded Hollow Section Steel per EN 10219 Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of S235JRH is defined in EN 10219-1, Table 1. The values are maximum unless a range is indicated. The steel is non-alloy quality, with controlled levels of carbon, manganese, phosphorus and sulfur to ensure good weldability and toughness.
| Element | Standard Value (max) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.20 | CEV ≤ 0.40 for product thickness ≤ 40 mm |
| Mn | 1.40 | For thickness ≤ 40 mm |
| Si | — | No requirement, but typically ≤ 0.55 |
| P | 0.040 | For structural quality |
| S | 0.040 | For structural quality |
| N | 0.009 | Maximum nitrogen content (as per EN 10219-1) |
| Cu | — | Not specified; may be limited by CEV requirements |
| Ni | — | Not specified |
| Cr | — | Not specified |
| Mo | — | Not specified |
| Al (total) | ≥ 0.020 | Minimum for fine grain practice if required, optional |
| CEV | 0.40 | Maximum carbon equivalent value for thickness ≤ 40 mm, calculated as CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr+Mo+V)/5 + (Ni+Cu)/15 |
S235JRH Cold-Formed Welded Hollow Section Steel per EN 10219 Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
The physical properties listed below are not part of EN 10219-1 but represent typical values for non-alloy structural steels similar to S235JRH. These values can be used for design calculations involving heat transfer, thermal expansion, and electrical conductivity. Actual values may vary slightly with specific composition and processing.
| Property | Typical Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.85 | g/cm³ | Ambient temperature |
| Modulus of elasticity (E) | 210 | GPa | Ambient temperature |
| Shear modulus (G) | 81 | GPa | Calculated from E and ν |
| Poisson's ratio (ν) | 0.3 | — | Ambient temperature |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (α) | 11.1 (20–100°C) / 12.1 (20–200°C) / 12.9 (20–300°C) / 13.7 (20–400°C) | 10⁻⁶/K | Mean linear expansion from 20 °C to indicated temperature |
| Thermal conductivity (λ) | 51 | W/(m·K) | At 100 °C; approx. 44 W/(m·K) at 400 °C |
| Specific heat capacity (c) | 486 | J/(kg·K) | At 100 °C; increases with temperature |
| Electrical resistivity (ρₑ) | 0.23 | μΩ·m | Ambient temperature |
S235JRH Cold-Formed Welded Hollow Section Steel per EN 10219 Mechanical Properties
Mechanical properties of S235JRH are specified in EN 10219-1 for hollow sections. The values below are minimums for yield and tensile strength unless otherwise noted. Elongation is based on a gauge length of 5.65√S0. Impact energy requirements apply to longitudinal Charpy V-notch specimens at the JR temperature (20 °C). Bending tests are performed with the weld located in the tension zone.
| Property | Standard Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yield strength (ReH) | ≥ 235 | MPa | Wall thickness ≤ 16 mm, transverse specimens |
| Tensile strength (Rm) | 360 – 510 | MPa | Wall thickness ≤ 40 mm, transverse specimens |
| Elongation after fracture (A) | ≥ 24 | % | Gauge length 5.65√S₀, transverse samples, wall thickness ≤ 16 mm |
| Impact energy (KV₂, longitudinal) | ≥ 27 | J | At 20 °C (JR level), average of 3 tests; single min. 70% of specified average |
| Bend test (full section) | No cracks or defects | — | Bend angle 180°, former diameter 2 × wall thickness, weld in tension zone, for circular sections |
| Bend test (strip/segment) | No cracks or defects | — | For square/rectangular sections, similar bend criteria; former diameter varies with thickness |
S235JRH Cold-Formed Welded Hollow Section Steel per EN 10219 Completely Equivalent Material Standards and Substitute Grades
These grades are considered direct equivalents to S235JRH in terms of chemical composition, mechanical properties, and application in welded hollow sections. They are interchangeable for most structural engineering purposes.
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | EN 10210-1 | S235JRH | Hot-finished hollow sections; identical mechanical requirements |
| United States | ASTM A500 | Grade B | Cold-formed welded structural tubing; yield strength 315 MPa (46 ksi) for round, slightly higher strength |
| Japan | JIS G 3466 | STKR 400 | Carbon steel square and rectangular tubes; similar tensile properties but no identical impact requirement |
| China | GB/T 6728 | Q235B | Cold-formed welded hollow sections; yield strength 235 MPa; impact 27 J at 20°C |
| International | ISO 630-5 | S235JRH | ISO equivalent of EN 10219-1, technical delivery conditions for hollow sections |
S235JRH Cold-Formed Welded Hollow Section Steel per EN 10219 Application Introduction
S235JRH hollow sections are widely utilized in structural and mechanical engineering due to their balanced combination of strength, weldability, and cost-effectiveness. They are suitable for both exposed and galvanized conditions, and their closed cross-section provides high torsional stiffness and buckling resistance. Typical fabrication includes welding, bolting, and simple cutting. The material is not intended for high-temperature (creep) service or sub-zero environments without impact verification.
Product Applications: Single-storey building columns and roof trusses, Bridge handrails and parapets, Bus and truck frames, Temporary works (shoring, formwork), Greenhouse structures, Flagpoles and sign gantries, Protective barriers (crash barriers), Fencing systems
Processed into products: Structural hollow sections (circular, square, rectangular), SSAW steel pipes for piling and pipeline, Welded beams, columns, and truss members, Gate and door frames, Bicycle racks, Handrails and balustrades, Roller conveyors and shelving elements, Scaffolding tubes
Application industries: Construction & Civil Engineering, Offshore & Marine Structures, Agricultural Machinery & Equipment, Automotive & Transportation (chassis, trailers), Scaffolding & Falsework, Material Handling & Storage Systems, Furniture & Architectural Metalwork
S235JRH Cold-Formed Welded Hollow Section Steel per EN 10219 Similar or Closely Related Substitute Materials
The following materials offer comparable mechanical performance and are often considered alternatives, though some differences exist in impact temperature, strength level, or delivery condition. Selection should be verified against specific project requirements.
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | EN 10025-2 | S235JR | Flat and long products; same strength and impact temperature but not a hollow section standard |
| European Union | EN 10219-1 | S235J0H | Impact energy 27 J at 0 °C instead of 20 °C; otherwise same chemistry and strength |
| European Union | EN 10219-1 | S275JRH | Higher yield strength (275 MPa); may allow lighter sections |
| United States | ASTM A501 | Grade A | Hot-formed welded structural tubing; lower carbon and strength similar to S235JRH |
| China | GB/T 3091 | Q235B | Welded steel pipe for low pressure fluid service; similar base material |
| Russia | GOST 30245 | St3sp | Welded hollow sections; strength comparable to S235, but impact temperature may vary |
Notes:
Welding: S235JRH exhibits good arc and resistance weldability. Preheat is generally not required for thicknesses below 30 mm. Corrosion protection: Typical protection by hot-dip galvanizing or painting. The silicon content may be controlled (usually ≤0.04%) to avoid excessive zinc-iron intermetallic layer growth. Cold forming: The JRH classification guarantees adequate ductility for the cold forming process used to produce the hollow section. Tolerances: Shape and dimensional tolerances are in accordance with EN 10219-2.
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