444 (UNS S44400) Ferritic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil
444 (S44400) Ferritic Stainless Steel Plate & Coil: Superior Pitting & Stress Corrosion Resistance
Complete material data for UNS S44400 (444) ferritic stainless steel plate/coil, including chemical composition, mechanical properties, and physical properties per ASTM A240 and international equivalents.
Hot rolling, cold rolling, forming, welding, annealing, pickling
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444 Ferritic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Introduction
UNS S44400, commonly known as Grade 444, is a low-carbon, low-nitrogen, molybdenum-bearing ferritic stainless steel stabilized with titanium and/or niobium. It offers excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, especially in chloride-containing environments, surpassing Type 316L in many cases. The stabilization prevents intergranular corrosion after welding, and the low interstitial content ensures good toughness and ductility in the annealed condition. Typical applications include hot water tanks, heat exchangers, food processing equipment, and architectural exposed parts. It combines good formability, weldability, and high thermal conductivity with a cost advantage over austenitic grades.
444 Ferritic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Chemical Composition
Typical chemical composition according to ASTM A240/A240M for UNS S44400. Stabilization is achieved by intentional additions of titanium and/or niobium. Single values are maximum unless otherwise noted.
| Element | Standard Value (%) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | ≤0.025 | Max |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤1.00 | Max |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤1.00 | Max |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.040 | Max |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤0.030 | Max |
| Chromium (Cr) | 17.5 – 19.5 | |
| Nickel (Ni) | ≤1.00 | Max |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 1.75 – 2.50 | |
| Nitrogen (N) | ≤0.035 | Max |
| Titanium (Ti) | ≤0.80 | Ti+Nb ≥ 0.20+4(C+N) (stabilization requirement) |
| Niobium (Nb) | ≤0.80 | Ti+Nb ≥ 0.20+4(C+N) or single element limit |
444 Ferritic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Thermal & Electrical Physical Properties
Typical physical properties of 444 stainless steel in the annealed condition. These values are suitable for engineering calculations. Thermal properties vary slightly with temperature; values are given at room temperature unless a range is specified.
| Property | Typical Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.75 | g/cm³ | At 20°C |
| Elastic Modulus (E) | 200 | GPa | At 20°C |
| Shear Modulus (G) | 77 | GPa | Calculated from E and ν |
| Poisson's Ratio (ν) | 0.3 | - | Typical for ferritic stainless |
| Thermal Expansion (α) | 10.0 | µm/m·°C | 20–100°C |
| Thermal Expansion (α) | 10.6 | µm/m·°C | 20–315°C |
| Thermal Expansion (α) | 11.0 | µm/m·°C | 20–538°C |
| Thermal Conductivity (λ) | 26.9 | W/m·K | At 100°C |
| Thermal Conductivity (λ) | 26.8 | W/m·K | At 500°C |
| Specific Heat Capacity (cp) | 460 | J/kg·K | At 20°C |
| Electrical Resistivity (ρe) | 0.62 | µΩ·m | At 20°C |
444 Ferritic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Mechanical Properties
Minimum mechanical properties for annealed plate/sheet/coil at room temperature per ASTM A240/A240M. The material exhibits good strength and ductility. For thicknesses ≤ 0.15 in (3.8 mm), the hardness limit is 217 HBW or 95 HRB. Bending test is based on 180° bend with mandrel diameter equal to specimen thickness.
| Property | Standard Requirement | Unit | Test Condition / Thickness |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | ≥ 415 | MPa | Annealed, room temperature |
| Yield Strength (ReH) | ≥ 275 | MPa | 0.2% offset, annealed, room temperature |
| Elongation (A) | ≥ 20 | % | in 50 mm (2 in), annealed |
| Hardness | ≤ 217 HBW / ≤ 95 HRB | - | As annealed, thickness ≤ 3.8 mm |
| Bend Test | 180° bend, mandrel diameter = specimen thickness | - | No cracks in annealed condition |
444 Ferritic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Fully Equivalent Material Standards & Substitute Grade Recommendations
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| USA | ASTM A240/A240M | 444 (UNS S44400) | Ferritic stainless steel plate/sheet/coil |
| Europe | EN 10088-2 | 1.4521 (X2CrMoTi18-2) | Stabilized with titanium; fully equivalent in chemistry and application |
| Japan | JIS G4305 | SUS 444 | Cold rolled plate and strip; equivalent to ASTM 444 |
| China | GB/T 3280 | S11972 (019Cr19Mo2NbTi) | Ferritic stainless with Mo, Ti, Nb; matches S44400 |
444 Ferritic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Application Introduction
444 stainless steel combines the cost advantage of ferritic grades with corrosion resistance often matching or exceeding 316L, especially in chloride-induced pitting and stress corrosion cracking. Its stabilized microstructure ensures excellent weldability without post-weld heat treatment. High thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion make it ideal for cyclic heating applications.
Product Applications: Hot water storage tanks and solar collectors, Shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Condenser tubes for power plants, Brewing vessels and food-grade tanks, Automotive catalytic converter shells, Welded architectural panels and facades
Processed into products: Expansion joints and bellows, Stamped and deep-drawn sink bowls, Welded pipe and fittings for water systems, Support brackets and structural cladding clips, Exhaust flanges and muffler internals, Heat exchanger tube sheets and baffles
Application industries: Solar energy and water heating systems, Heat exchanger and pressure vessel manufacturing, Food and beverage processing equipment, Architectural and construction (roofing, cladding), Automotive exhaust and emission control systems, Pulp and paper industry machinery
444 Ferritic Stainless Steel Plate/Coil Similar or Near-Equivalent Alternative Materials
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| USA | ASTM A240 | 436 (UNS S43600) | Mo and Nb stabilized ferritic; slightly lower Mo and Cr, lower pitting resistance than 444 |
| Japan | JIS G4305 | SUS 445J2 | Higher Mo (2.0-2.5) and Cr; enhanced corrosion resistance, often a direct upgrade |
| Europe | EN 10088-2 | 1.4520 (X2CrTi17) | Stabilized ferritic without Mo; lower corrosion resistance, less suitable for chloride media |
| Global | ASTM/EN | 316L (1.4404) | Austenitic stainless with similar pitting resistance but stress corrosion cracking susceptibility; higher cost |
Notes:
Weldability: Grade 444 can be welded by common methods (TIG, MIG, resistance welding) with matching or slightly over-alloyed filler (e.g., ER444). Intergranular corrosion is avoided due to stabilization, but prolonged heating in the 425–550°C range should be avoided to prevent embrittlement.
Surface finish: Available in BA, 2B, No.4, and other finishes typical for stainless steel coils.
Magnetic: Being ferritic, it is magnetic in all conditions, which can be an advantage for induction cookware or detection systems.
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