1.4541 (X6CrNiTi18-10) Stainless Steel Pipe
1.4541 (X6CrNiTi18-10) Stainless Steel Pipe: Properties, Equivalents and Industrial Applications
Detailed technical data for DIN 17400 1.4541 stainless steel pipe, including chemical composition, mechanical properties, thermal & electrical properties, international equivalents, and application guidelines.
Hot forming, cold drawing, welding, machining, solution annealing
- Phone : +8618037372205
- Email : [email protected]
- WhatsApp: Contact via Whtsapp
- WeChat: +8618037372205
1.4541 Stainless Steel Pipe Introduction
1.4541 (X6CrNiTi18-10) is an austenitic stainless steel stabilized with titanium, originally specified under DIN 17400 and now covered by EN 10088-1 and EN 10216-5. This grade corresponds to AISI 321 / UNS S32100. The titanium addition reduces the risk of intergranular corrosion by forming stable carbides, making it suitable for welded structures and service temperatures up to 800 °C.
- Excellent resistance to a wide range of corrosive media, including organic acids and weakly oxidizing environments.
- Good creep resistance and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures.
- Typically supplied in the solution-annealed condition with a fine-grained microstructure.
- Widely used in the chemical, petrochemical, food processing, and aerospace industries.
1.4541 Stainless Steel Pipe Chemical Composition
Chemical composition according to EN 10088-1 for grade X6CrNiTi18-10 (1.4541), applicable to pipes under EN 10216-5. Titanium is added at a minimum of five times the carbon content to provide stabilization against chromium carbide precipitation during welding or high-temperature service.
| Element | Standard Value (%) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | ≤0.08 | Max |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤1.00 | Max |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤2.00 | Max |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.045 | Max |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤0.015 | For pipes ≤0.015; flat products may allow ≤0.030 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 17.0 – 19.0 | Range |
| Nickel (Ni) | 9.0 – 12.0 | Range |
| Titanium (Ti) | 5×C to 0.70 | Minimum 5×(%C+N) typically; max 0.70 |
1.4541 Stainless Steel Pipe Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
Physical properties are representative for austenitic stainless steel 1.4541 in the solution-annealed condition. These values are not specified in the material standard but are widely accepted engineering data.
- Density: 7.90 g/cm³ at 20 °C.
- Modulus of elasticity: decreases with temperature; 200 GPa at 20 °C, approx. 172 GPa at 300 °C.
- Thermal conductivity increases with temperature; 15 W/m·K at 20 °C, 22 W/m·K at 300 °C.
| Property | Standard Value | Unit | Test Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.90 | g/cm³ | 20 °C |
| Elastic Modulus (E) | 200 | GPa | 20 °C |
| Shear Modulus (G) | 77 | GPa | 20 °C |
| Poisson's Ratio (ν) | 0.30 | — | 20 °C |
| Thermal Expansion (α) | 16.0 – 17.5 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20 – 100 °C / 20 – 200 °C |
| Thermal Conductivity (λ) | 15 | W/(m·K) | 20 °C |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 500 | J/(kg·K) | 20 °C |
| Electrical Resistivity (ρₑ) | 0.73 | µΩ·m | 20 °C |
1.4541 Stainless Steel Pipe Mechanical Properties
Room temperature tensile properties for seamless stainless steel pipes in solution-annealed condition, as per EN 10216-5. The values are minimum required figures; actual values may be higher. These tests are performed on longitudinal specimens at ambient temperature.
| Property | Standard Value | Unit | Test Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength (Rp0.2) | ≥190 | MPa | Room temperature, longitudinal |
| Yield Strength (Rp1.0) | ≥225 | MPa | Room temperature, longitudinal |
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | 490 – 690 | MPa | Room temperature, longitudinal |
| Elongation (A) | ≥40 | % | Gauge length 5.65√So, longitudinal |
| Elongation (A) | ≥35 | % | Transverse, equivalent gauge length |
1.4541 Stainless Steel Pipe Full Equivalent Material Standards and Grade Recommendations
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Germany / EU | EN 10088-2 / EN 10216-5 | X6CrNiTi18-10 (1.4541) | Seamless & welded pipe, plate, bar |
| USA | ASTM A312 / A240 | TP321 / 321 | Pipe, tube, plate; UNS S32100 |
| Japan | JIS G3459 / G4304 | SUS321TP / SUS321 | Stainless steel pipes and plates |
| China | GB/T 14976 / GB/T 20878 | 06Cr18Ni11Ti (new) / 0Cr18Ni10Ti (old) | Seamless stainless steel pipe & general classification |
1.4541 Stainless Steel Pipe Application Introduction
1.4541 stainless steel pipe offers excellent formability, weldability, and resistance to sensitization due to titanium stabilization. It is suitable for continuous operation up to 800 °C and finds use in both cryogenic and high-temperature environments.
- Not suitable for strong reducing acids (e.g., HCl) unless specific conditions are met.
- Post-weld heat treatment is usually not necessary for corrosion resistance.
- Machining requires slow speeds and rigid tools due to its work-hardening tendency.
Product Applications: Seamless and welded pipes for corrosive fluid transport, Heat exchanger tubes and pressure vessels, Storage tanks and reactor vessels, Flanges, fittings, and valve bodies, Welded process piping and manifolds
Processed into products: Tube bundles for shell-and-tube heat exchangers, Welded pipe spools and instrumentation tubing, Cryogenic transfer line inner vessels, Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler tubes, Stainless steel bellows and expansion joints
Application industries: Chemical and petrochemical processing, Food and beverage production equipment, Aerospace engine and structural components, Cryogenic storage and transportation, Power generation (heat exchangers, boiler tubes), Automotive exhaust systems
1.4541 Stainless Steel Pipe Closely Related / Similar Alternative Materials
| Country/Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| EU | EN 10088-2 | X5CrNi18-10 (1.4301) | Standard 304; not Ti-stabilized, susceptible to IGC after welding |
| EU | EN 10088-2 | X2CrNi18-9 (1.4307) | Low-carbon 304L; improved weldability but lower high-temperature strength |
| EU | EN 10088-2 | X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 (1.4571) | 316Ti; Mo-bearing version for enhanced pitting resistance |
| USA | ASTM A312 | TP304L (S30403) | 304L; low carbon, less sensitization, reduced strength at high temp |
Notes:
- For service at cryogenic temperatures, 1.4541 retains good toughness down to -196 °C; impact testing can be agreed upon between purchaser and manufacturer.
- When ordering pipes to EN 10216-5, the material is supplied with inspection certificate 3.1 in accordance with EN 10204.
- The titanium stabilization requires a minimum Ti content of 5×(C+N) up to 0.70% to ensure full resistance to intergranular corrosion.
- Welding filler metals typically use ER321 (AWS A5.9) or equivalent to match the base metal composition.
- Some specifications may allow dual certification with 304L for applications not requiring high-temperature strength.
- Share
