EN10297-1 C45E Seamless Steel Pipe Material
EN10297-1 C45E Seamless Steel Pipe: Grades, Properties & Global Equivalents
Complete property data for C45E seamless steel pipes per EN 10297-1: chemical composition, tensile, impact, and physical values. Find equivalent standards and application guidance.
Hot-rolled, cold-drawn, heat treatment (quenching + tempering, normalizing, annealing)
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EN10297-1 C45E Seamless Steel Pipe Introduction
C45E is a high-quality carbon steel grade specified in EN 10297-1 for seamless circular tubes intended for mechanical and general engineering purposes. With a controlled carbon range of 0.42 – 0.50%, this quenched and tempered steel delivers an excellent balance of strength and toughness. Typical tensile strength reaches 650–800 MPa and yield strength ≥450 MPa, accompanied by guaranteed impact energies of ≥27 J at ambient temperature, which makes it suitable for dynamically loaded components.
Key characteristics:
- Good hardenability and uniform mechanical properties across wall thicknesses up to 100 mm
- High strength after quenching and tempering (+QT condition), also available normalized (+N) or annealed (+A)
- Reliable ductility with minimum elongation of 17% in all mandated thickness classes
- Good machinability and acceptable weldability with proper preheating and interpass control
- Cost-effective alternative to alloyed structural steels for many applications
The steel is identified by material number 1.1191 and is widely used for shafts, piston rods, hydraulic cylinders, axles, and a variety of structural tubes.
EN10297-1 C45E Seamless Steel Pipe Chemical Composition
Chemical requirements for C45E according to EN 10297-1:2003. The steel is unalloyed with restricted phosphorus and sulfur contents to ensure cleanliness and toughness. Elements not listed are governed by the standard's general residual limits. For product analysis, the permitted deviations are specified in the standard.
| Element | Standard Value (wt%) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.42 – 0.50 | Ladle analysis |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.10 – 0.40 | |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.50 – 0.80 | |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.030 | |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.035 | |
| Chromium (Cr) | ≤ 0.40 | |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | ≤ 0.10 | |
| Nickel (Ni) | ≤ 0.40 | |
| Copper (Cu) | ≤ 0.30 |
EN10297-1 C45E Seamless Steel Pipe Thermal and Electrical Physical Properties
Typical physical data for C45E at room temperature and elevated temperatures. These values are not specified in EN 10297-1 but are representative of medium‑carbon steels in the quenched and tempered or normalized condition. They are useful for design calculations and thermal analysis.
| Property | Typical Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 7.85 | g/cm³ | 20 °C |
| Modulus of elasticity (E) | 200 – 210 | GPa | 20 °C |
| Shear modulus (G) | ≈ 80 | GPa | 20 °C |
| Poisson's ratio (ν) | 0.29 – 0.30 | — | 20 °C |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (α) | 11.1 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20–100 °C |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (α) | 12.4 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20–200 °C |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (α) | 13.4 | 10⁻⁶/K | 20–400 °C |
| Thermal conductivity (λ) | 51.9 | W/(m·K) | 20 °C |
| Thermal conductivity (λ) | 45.0 | W/(m·K) | 200 °C |
| Specific heat capacity (cp) | 460 | J/(kg·K) | 20 °C |
| Electrical resistivity (ρₑ) | 0.16 | μΩ·m | 20 °C |
EN10297-1 C45E Seamless Steel Pipe Mechanical Properties
Minimum mechanical properties for C45E seamless tubes in the +QT condition as per EN 10297-1, Table 9. The values depend on wall thickness and are valid for room-temperature testing. Impact energy is determined on ISO V-notch specimens taken longitudinally.
| Property | Required Value | Unit | Test Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yield strength (Rp0.2) | ≥ 450 | MPa | +QT, wall thickness ≤ 16 mm |
| Tensile strength (Rm) | 650 – 800 | MPa | +QT, wall thickness ≤ 16 mm |
| Elongation (A) | ≥ 17 | % | +QT, wall thickness ≤ 16 mm |
| Impact energy (KV₂, 20 °C) | ≥ 27 | J | +QT, wall thickness ≤ 16 mm, longitudinal |
| Yield strength (Rp0.2) | ≥ 430 | MPa | +QT, wall thickness 16–40 mm |
| Tensile strength (Rm) | 630 – 780 | MPa | +QT, wall thickness 16–40 mm |
| Elongation (A) | ≥ 17 | % | +QT, wall thickness 16–40 mm |
| Impact energy (KV₂, 20 °C) | ≥ 27 | J | +QT, wall thickness 16–40 mm, longitudinal |
| Yield strength (Rp0.2) | ≥ 400 | MPa | +QT, wall thickness 40–100 mm |
| Tensile strength (Rm) | 600 – 750 | MPa | +QT, wall thickness 40–100 mm |
| Elongation (A) | ≥ 17 | % | +QT, wall thickness 40–100 mm |
| Impact energy (KV₂, 20 °C) | ≥ 27 | J | +QT, wall thickness 40–100 mm, longitudinal |
EN10297-1 C45E Seamless Steel Pipe Fully Equivalent Materials and Substitute Grades
| Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | EN 10297-1 | C45E | Base standard; material number 1.1191 |
| International | ISO 683-2 | C45E | Identical to EN 10297-1 chemical and mechanical requirements |
| Germany | DIN 17204 | C45E | Withdrawn but technically equivalent |
| Italy | UNI 7845 | C45 | Comparable C45 grade; verify impact requirements |
| France | NF A 35-552 | XC45 | Similar carbon steel, not always guarantees impact energy |
EN10297-1 C45E Seamless Steel Pipe Application Introduction
C45E seamless pipes are selected where medium‑ to high‑strength mechanical components require good ductility and uniform hardness. The +QT condition ensures reliable strength values through the wall thickness, making the grade suitable for both static and cyclic loads. The steel can be readily machined, induction‑hardened, or surface‑treated (e.g., plating) to extend service life. Typical design stresses follow the indicated yield strengths with safety factors per relevant codes.
Product Applications: Seamless steel tubes, Hollow bars, Piston rods, Shafts and axles, Mechanical tubing
Processed into products: Hydraulic cylinder pipes and barrels, Piston rods and connecting rods, Rotating shafts and transmission shafts, Axle beams and rolled bearing rings, Structural supports and machined spacers
Application industries: Mechanical engineering, Hydraulic and pneumatic cylinder manufacturing, Agricultural machinery, Construction and earth‑moving equipment, General engineering
EN10297-1 C45E Seamless Steel Pipe Similar / Alternative Materials for Cross-Reference
| Region | Standard | Grade | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | GB/T 8162 | 45 | Seamless structural tube with similar carbon range; lower guaranteed impact |
| USA | ASTM A519 | 1045 | Seamless carbon mechanical tubing; equivalent carbon content, comparison needed for toughness |
| Japan | JIS G3445 | STKM13B (S45C) | Carbon steel tube for machine structures; Rp0.2 may differ |
| India | IS 3601 | C45 | Similar to C45E but may lack guaranteed impact energy |
Notes:
All data are derived from EN 10297-1:2003 and publicly validated metallurgical references. For specific product forms or dimensions, customer should verify properties with the supplier. The +QT condition requires controlled heating, quenching (oil or water), and tempering temperatures between 550 °C and 660 °C to achieve the listed properties. The steel does not possess any intentional addition of micro‑alloying elements; therefore, it is not recommended for critical cryogenic service without supplementary testing.
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